地质勘探
天然气探与开发
2017年6月出版
VSP测井技术在页岩气储层预测中的应用张维丨罗坤秦俐丨雍杰丨刘丽婷丨朱雾伟1刘行2 1.中国石油川庆钻探工程公司地球物理勘探公司2.中国石油川庆钻探工程公司地质勘探开发研究院
摘要垂直地震剖面法勘探技术（以下简称VSP测井）是一项成熟的井中物探技术，该技术利用地面放炮、并中置放检波器接收地震波，有效避免了近地表低速层的影响，得到的地震信息更接近目的层，具有独特的勘深优势。我国页岩气勘探潜力巨大，页岩气储层具有高电阻率、高伽马、高声被时差、低密度的测井响应特征，具有较为明显的岩石物理弹性参数规律，非常适用于VSP测井技术进行页岩气勘探。利用常规VSP测井技术在责州地区某井进行页岩气勘探，零井源距VSP测井获得地层的纵波、模横波速度，计算得到岩石地球物理参数，并通过交会分析识别储层物性规律以用于储层预测：利用非零并源距VSP测并，进行VSP-CDP创面叠加，获得了高分辨率的并地层结构，为储层精细地震响应特征分析莫定基碚，对水平井轨迹设计具有参考作用。
同VSP测井贾岩气储层岩石物理
弹性参数交会分析高分辨率并构造
关键词
DOI: 10.12055/gaskk.issn.1673-3177.2017.02.006
ApplicationofVsPloggingtechnologyinthepredictionofshalegasreservoirs
Zhang Wei',Luo Kun',Qin Li',Yong Jie',LiuLiting',Zhu Jiwei', Liu Jiaxing
(I. Geophysical Exploration Company, CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co. Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610213, China;2.Geophysical Exploration and Development Research Institute of CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co. Lid, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, China)
Abstract: Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) logging is a mature borehole geophysical technique, The technique adopts the ground shooting and the geophone in borehole to receive seismic waves, so that the influence of near-surface low-velocity layers is avoided effectively and the seismic data obtained approximate those of target layer. The shale gas exploration potential is great in China. Shale gas reservoirs usually reveal the logging responses of high resistivity, high GR, high acoustic time difference, and low density. These reservoirs have obvious elastic parameters of rock physics. The VSP logging technology is very suitable for shale gas exploration in these reservoirs. The conventional VSP logging technique was used for shale gas exploration in a well in Guizhou, and the zero-offset VSP logging was conducted to obtain the P-wave and S-wave velocities of the formation. Then, the geophysical parameters of the rock were calculated and the physical properties of the reservoir were identified by means of cross analysis for reservoir prediction. The non-zero offset VSP logging was used for VSP-CDP profile superimposition. As a result, the high-resolution near-well formation struc ture was obtained, which lays a foundation for the analysis of fine seismic response characteristics of the reservoir and plays a guiding role in the horizontal well trajectory design.
Keywords: VSP logging; Shale gas; Reservoir; Rock physics; Elastic parameter; Cross analysis; High resolution; Near-well structure
我国页岩气勘探潜力巨大，勘探方法多种多样，如地质勘探、地球物理勘探、地球化学勘探及钻井勘探等。利用多学科进行综合勘探则是目前页岩气勘探的主要发展方向[-])。而垂直地震剖面法勘探(筒称VSP测井）利用地面放炮，并中置放检波器来接收地震波，可以有效避免近地表低速层的影响，得到的地震信息更接近目的层。因此具有独特的页岩气勘探优势[围。笔者在贵州地区某井联合利用零井
源距和非零井源距VSP测井技术进行页岩气勘探总结了储层物性规律，准确刻画了井旁地层结构为储层的精细地震响应特征分析奠定了基础。
VSP测并技术
常规VSP测井主要有零井源距（V。）和非零井源距（V,）两种观测方式，如图1所示。零井源
基金项目：国家科技重大专项“长宁一威远页岩气开发示范工程”（编号：2016ZX05062）：本论文获得2016年全国天然气学术年会优秀论文二等奖。
第一作者：张维，女，1987年生，工程师，硕士；主要从事VSP测并资料处理和解释工作。地址：（610213）四川省成都市天府新区华阳街道华阳大道一段216号。电话：（028）85762527。E-mail:zhangwei_wt1@cnpc.com.cn
· 32· 万方数据