· 386 ·
北京大学学报（医学
版
JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY( HEALTH SCIENCES)
Vol.43No.3Jun. 2011·论著·
四川省流动儿童和留守儿童的心理复原力特征
周文娇12，高文斌"，孙昕囊，罗
静
（1.中国科学院心理所，北京100101；2.中国科学院研究生院，北京100049；3，北京大学公共卫生学院社会医
学与健康教育系，北京
100191)
要】目：探索四川省流动儿童和留守儿童心理复原力特点及差异。方法：使用青少年心理复原力量表对四[摘
川省成都、广元、宜宾、绵阳的打工子弟学校和留守儿童较集中的农村学校1391名在校学生（504名小学生和887 名初中生)进行调查。结累：中学生组流动儿童在心理复原力上得分（128.11±21.70）显著低于对照组普通学生(132.87±23.22)和留守儿童（135.61±22.77),Fa.o(2,)
=8.076,P<0.001，流动儿童在心理复原力除同伴外的
4个维度上（包括家庭、学校、社会以及自身特质）得分均显著低于对照组儿童（家庭：Fa.05(2.84）=7.820， P<0.001;学校；Fa.05(2.854)=5.041，P=0. 007;社会：Fo.05(2,84)=9.261,P<0.001;自身特质：Fa.8(2, 84)=3.510. P=0.030），而留守儿童与对照组几童相比差异无统计学意义。不同的年级和不同的性别间，流动儿童和留守儿童在心理复原力的不同维度上差异有统计学意义。结论：农民工子女，尤其是流动儿童，整体来说心理复原力较差，
从外界环境获得的心理资源和支持较少，对外部环境的参与也相对较少。【关键词】暂居者和移居者；儿童心理学；留守儿童
【中图分类号】R395.9
【文献标志码】A
doi; 10. 3969/j. issn. 1671-167X. 2011. 03. 015
【文章编号】1671-167X(2011)03-0386-05
Psychological resilience features of urban migrant children and rural left-behind chil-dreninSichuanprovinceof China
ZHOU Wen-jiao'-2, GAO Wen-bin', SUN Xin-ying', LUO Jing
(1. Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academyof Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3. Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Publie Health, Beijing 100191, China)
Objective: To explore the characteristics of resilience of urban migrant children and rural
ABSTRACT
farmer workers and to figure out the discrepancy between them.
left-behind children of Chinese
Methods: The samples consisted of 1 391 primary, students and middle school students from Chengdu, Guangyuan, Yibin, and Mianyang in Sichuan Province. The revised version of the Healthy Kids Resili-ence Assessment was used for the measurement of resilience. And ANOVA was performed for data analy-sis. Results : The results of the present study indicated that among all the junior high students, urban mi-grant children got a significantly lower score of resilience (128. 11 ±21. 70) than rural left-behind chil-dren (135.61 ±22.77) and the control group (132.87 ±23.22),Fo.os(2, 84)=8.076,P<0.001. And migrant children got lower scores on three external protective factors of resilience family, school, com-munity as well as on resilience traits than left-behind children and the control group (Family: Fa.os(2 = 7.820,P<0.001;School:_Fo.05(2.884)=5.041,P=0.007;Community:Fo.os(2.4)=9.261, P<0.001: Resilience traits: Faos(2, sa) =3.510, P=0.030). No significant difference was noted be tween left-behind children and control group. Gender difference and grade dfference were noted for each
Conclusion: The resilience of migrant children was not so good as non-migrant children. Migrant group.
children were enjoying less intimate interpersonal relationship in their schools, their families as well as their community, and they could get less psychological support from the external environment, so that mi-grant children could not develop some resilience traits to promote the sound development of themselves. Suggestions for intervention were also discussed.
KEY WORDS Transients and migrants; Child psychology; Lef-behind children
随着改革开放和我国城市化、工业化的发展需要，越来越多的农村剩余劳动力涌人城市，形成了大批城市“流动儿童”和农村“留守儿童”。根据2000
年全国第五次人口普查的结果，我国集中在6~14 岁的义务教育阶段的流动儿童的数量在870万以上1]，而处在义务教育阶段的留守儿童的数量也已
基金项目：中国科学院"西部之光"人才培养计划资助 Supported by West Light Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences Corresponding author' s e-mail ,gaowb@ psych, ac. c
网络出版时间：2011-5-99:05:38网络出版地址：http://www.enki.net/kcm/detail/11.4691.R.20110509.0905.003.html