
货 2016年6月
文章编号:1001-3873(2016)03033606
新疆石油地质
XINJIANG PETROLEUM GEOLOGY DOI:10.7657/XJPG20160318
Vol. 37.No.3 Jun.2016
四川盆地东北缘强应力大倾角页岩储层水力压裂裂缝形态
周形",张士诚",邹雨时1,李宁",郑永华2
(1.中国石油大学石油T.程学院,北京102249;2.斯伦贝谢中渝页岩气技术服务(重庆)有限公司,重庆400043)要:四川盘地东北缘山区勇号储层构造应力强,地层倾角大,层理和天然裂缝高度发育,储层改造中水力压裂裂摘
缝展布的不确定性十分明显,
基干有限元和离散元混合方法,引入横观各向同性本构关系表征层状页卷,建立了三
维复杂裂缝扩展模型,应用此模影分析了地应力差、压裂液黏度、注入速率、天然裂缝等因素对压梨后裂缝的影响。模拟结果表明:垂向应力与最小水平主应力差越高,越有利于重直裂续的产生,需应力差为5MPa时,适当提高压裂液黏度和注入速率,有利干降低层理对裂缝扩展的照制,增加垂直裂缝比例,提高储层垂向改造效果:页岩中无优势走向天然裂缝越发育,强应力差条件下产生的剪切破裂裂缝数量也越多
关键词:图川盆地;东北缘:页卷气;大倾角;强构造应力;水力压裂;裂缝形态;数值模拟
中图分类号:TE45
文献标识码:A
Hydraulic Fracture Geometry of Shale Gas Reservoirs with Strong Tectonic Stress and Large
Dip Angle in Northeastern Margin of Sichuan Basin
ZHOU Tong', ZHANG Shicheng', ZOU Yushi',LI Ning', ZHENG Yonghua(1.School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China; 2.Sehlumberger Zhongyu Shale Gas Ter-hnical Services( Chongqing ), Chongqing 400043, China)
Abstract: Hydraulie fractures are distributed irregularly due to strong teetonie- stress, large dip angle formation, highly developed bedding and natural fissures of shale gas reservoirs in northeastern margin of Sie-huan busin, Basedt on finite-element and discrete-element com-bined methoxd, the transverse isotropie constitutive relations are introduced to represent lamellar shale and a 3D complex fracture propaga-tion model has been established. Then the model is used to analyze several important parameters which could influence the fractures after stimulation, such as in-site stress difference, fracturing fluid vistosity, injection rate and naltural frarture, etc:. The modeling result shows that the larger the difference between vertical stress and the minimun horizontal principle stress is, the easier the vertical fractures will oc-cur. Under the condition of the low differential stress (5 MPa), inereasing fracturing fluid visrosity and injection rate is more likely to de-crease the limit of bedding to fracture propagation, inerease vertical fractures and improve vertical stimulation effect. The more developed
the natural fractures without advantageous strikes in shule, the more the shear fractures will be under strong tectonice stress differences. Keywords: Sichuan basin; northeastern margin; shale gas; large dip angle; strong tectonie stress; hydraulic fractureing: fracture geometry:
numerical simulation
页岩储层中存在大量的天然裂缝和低最大与最小水平主应力差,是水力压裂形成复杂裂缝网络的重要条件1-4。与北美页岩储层相比,四川盆地东北缘山区Y井页岩储层压裂施工面临的挑战主要在于: ①目的层埋深浅且高陡,地层倾角大于45°,倾斜层理影响下的水力压裂裂缝形态具有不确定性;②具走滑断层地应力机制,垂向应力为中间应力,且最大与最小水平主应力差最高达35MPa:③天然裂缝高度发育,加剧了压裂后效果的不确定性。如何合理选择压裂方式,确定施工规模,从而实现储层内部的充分改造,很大程度上取决于对大倾角强构造应力页岩储层压裂裂缝形态的认识。
为研究页署储层裂缝网络形成的主控因系,学者
收稿H期:20151201
修订日期:20160201
基金项目:国家973项目(2013CB228004)
们提出了诸多复杂裂缝扩展模型-7。这些模型均假设地层是各向同性介质,着重研究关然裂缝对水力压裂裂缝的影响。但室内心实验结果表明,页岩力学性质存在各向异性国,页岩层理对水力压裂裂缝网络的形成影响非常显著-叫。此外,从地下深处取出的页看岩心几乎没有宏观有效裂缝,却有明显的纹层结构。裂缝监测也表明,层间界面对水力压裂裂缝垂向延伸存在影响"。由于现有模型对页岩层理和各向异性特征考虑不够,因此无法模拟层理对页岩储层水力压裂裂缝扩展的影响。
本文利用有限元和离散元混合方法的复杂扩展模型"2-13,引入横观各向同性本构关系表征层状页若,建立考虑倾斜层理影响的裂缝扩展模型。利用
作简介:周彤(1986),男,i山东济亨人,博:研究生:.i油1.程.(TeI>01089734593(Email)zhout1986@126.com 万方数据