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含有聚丙烯酰胺的固态胶体电解液的研制与性质
王元有1，刘天晴"，吴非1
（1.扬州大学化学化工学院，江苏扬州225002；2.扬州工业职业技术学院，江苏扬州225127）摘要：以二氧化硅为凝胶剂、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为胶体稳定剂，与硫酸按比例混合，成功制得了 SiO/H,SO/PAM/H,O胶体铅酸蓄电池固态电解液。考察了SiO，含量、PAM含量对胶体凝胶及放电性能的影响。结果表明：该固态电解液表观具有触变性，电池放电电压平稳。PAM的加入使得三维网状结构缩小、致密、稳定，加快了胶体的凝胶时间。随着PAM含量的增加，胶体电解液的溶液电阻和电荷传递电阻先减小后增大。
关键词：铅酸蓄电池；胶体电解液；纳米二氧化硅；聚丙烯酰胺中图分类号：TM916.1
文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-0847(2012)06-243-04
Developmentand characteristics of solid-stategelled
electrolytecontainedpolyacrylamide WANG Yuanyou', LIU Tianqing”,WU Fei
(l.School ofChemistry and ChemicalEngineering,YanghouUniversity,Yangzhou Jiangsu225002; 2.Department of Chemical Engineering,Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou Jiangsu 225127)
Abstract: A SiO,/H,SO/PAM/H,O solidstate gelled electrolyte used in leadacid batteries was successfully prepared by using nanofumed silica as gelata and polyacrylamide (PAM) as colloidal stabilizer. The effects of SiOz and PAM contents were examined on the performance of the gelled electrolyte and discharge behavior. The obtained results showed that the gelled electrolyte had thixotropy, Discharging voltage was stable for the leadacid battery with the gelled electrolyte. With the addition of PAM, the threedimensional network structure became narrow, dense and stable, and gelation time was increased. With the increase of PAM content, the electrolyte resistance and the electrochemical charge transferring resistance decreased firstly and then increased.
Key words: leadacid battery; gelled electrolyte; nanosilica; polyacrylamide
0引言
铅酸蓄电池自应用至今已经将近一个半世纪，凭借其价格低、原材料易得、使用方便、性能可靠、结构简单等优势，已成为应用广泛且消费量最大的蓄电池，在二次电池工业中占据着主要的地位。早期的胶体蒂电池以硅溶胶配胶，由于硅溶胶
收稿日期：2012-05-18 万方数据
粒径大、不均匀，杂质含量高等原因，配出来的胶体电解液易水化、分层，容量低，循环性能差[1-现在普遍采用气相二氧化硅配制胶体电解液，它是非常好的增稠触变剂，当其在硫酸溶液中分散并静置后，不同粒子间通过表面的独立硅羟基产生氢键，形成三维网络凝胶结构，硫酸和水包裹在其中，可以固定电解液，但与传统的富液式电池相比，胶体电池的内阻较大。为了提高凝胶的电化学性能，提出了在胶体电解液中加人添加剂等方法提高蓄电池的性能。本文选取了聚丙烯酰胺作为
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