
42
doi:10.3969/j. issn. 1009 3230.2016.02.011
应用能源技术
2016年第2期(总第218期)
负荷和作业绩效的影响孙璐,张力"3,青涛”,贾惠侨
(1.湖南工学院人因工程与安全管理研究所,湖南衡阳421001;
2.南华大学核科学技术学院,湖南衡阳421001;3.南华大学人因研完所,湖南衡阳421001)
摘要:在数字化核电厂事故工况下,主控室操纵员往往需要在短时间内处理大量信息并快速做出反应和决策,而持续的时间压力产生的心理负荷可能影响诊断与监控的作业绩效,进而影响整个核电厂系统的功能和安全。文中主要深讨在核电厂数字化SOP(StateOrientedPro-cedures,状态导向事故规程)的环境下,时间压力对主控室操纵员心理负荷和作业绩效的影响。通过电厂实地研究、操纵员访谈、仿真实验等方法,发现在持续的时间压力下,主控室操纵员的平均执行时间减少、心理负荷升高,时间压力对操纵员的心理负荷与作业绩效均有显著影响。
关键词:数字化主控室;时间压力;心理负荷;作业绩效;操纵员
中图分类号:TM623
文献标志码:B文章编号:1009-3230(2016)02-0001-03
The Study ontheImpact of Time Pressure onMental Workload and OperationPerformanceinaDigitalControlRoomofNuclearPowerPlant
SUN Lur, ZHANG Li', QING Tao", JIA Hui qiao
(1. Ergonomics and Safety Management Institute, Hengyang 421001,
Hunan Province, China; 2. College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China,Hengyang 421001,Hunan Province,China; 3.Human Factors Institute,
University of South China,Hengyang 421001,Hunan Province, China)
Abstract: In the digital nuclear power plant accident conditions, main control room operators often need to process large amount of information and react quickly and make decisions in a short time. However, long lasting time pressure may produce high mental workload and may further impact the operation performance of diagnosis and monitoring. The perfomance wll affect the functioning and safety of the entire system of a nuclear power plant. The purpose of this article is to discuss effect of time pressure on the main control room operators to manipulate mental workload and operation performance on the muclear power plant SOP (State Oriented Procedures) and digital human machine interface systems. Through site visits in nuclear power plants, the operators' interview, related simulation experiments and other methods, we found that the reduction of average execution time of the main control room operators, and the increase of mental load. Time pressure has a significant impact on the operator's mental load and performance. Key words: Digital main control room;Time pressure;Mental workload;Operation perfomance;Operator
0引言
随着核电技术的不断更新和发展,数字化技
收稿日期:2015-1218
修订日期:2016-01-28
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(71071051,71371070):
湖南省自然科学基金项目(14J7046);岭东核电公司科研项目(KR0543)
作者简介:孙路(1990-),女,硕士,核能与核技术工程
专业,研究方向是人因工程。
万方数据
术在核电厂中得到了广泛应用。从提供和处理信息的能力来看,数字化核电厂操纵平台有其显著优越性,但同时也为操纵员带来了新的工作负荷。数字化核电厂主控室复杂的人机界面和巨大的信息量,增加了操纵员的工作难度。同时处理事故