
植物营养与肥料学报2010,16(4):1027-1031 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science
含氮、磷包膜缓释肥的制备及其缓释性能研究
王春梅12,赵贵哲12,刘亚青1,2*,孙友谊"2,朱福田1,2(1中北大学山西省高分子复合材料.工程技术研究中心,山西太原030051:
2中北大学材料科学与工程学院,山西太原030051)
摘要:采用红外光谱(FTIR)对以尿素、甲醛和磷酸一铵为原料,制备了以磷酸一铵为核心,脉醛肥为膜材料,同时含有氮、磷两种营养元索的包膜缓释肥的结构进行了研究。通过其在土壤中的养分释放特性表明,在土境中,氮元素的缓释期为100d,磷元素的缓释期为30d;而在水中,氮元素在100d时只释放了70%,磷元素在10d时则达到 100%。说明作为膜材料的缓释肥通过案合物降解的化学过程,使氮元索获得了明显的缓释效果;作为核心的磷酸
一铵,受包膜的物理保护,其分子中的磷元素也获得了一定的缓释效果。关键词:包膜缓释化肥:制备:红外光谱;养分释放特性
中图分类号:TQ449.1
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1008505X(2010)041027-05
Preparationandpropertiesofthecoatedslow-releaseNandPfertilizer
WANG Chun-mei'-2, ZHAO Gui-zhe'-, LIU Ya-qing'-*, SUN You-yil.2, ZHU Fu-tian'.2(I1 Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Protince,
North Uninersity of China, Taiyuan 030051, China;
2 Material Science and Engineering College, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China)
Abstract : In this paper, urea, formaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogenphosphate( MAP) were used as raw materi-als to prepare coated slow-release fertilizer containing two nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus, in which MAP is the core and urea-formaldehyde fertilizer is a membrane material. Infrared spectroscopy( FTIR)is used to study its structure. The results show the nutrient release characteristics in soil are that nitrogen of slow-release period is 100 days, P element-release period is 30 days, while in the water solution nitrogen release amount accounts for 70% in 100 days, and P release amount in the 10 days can reach to 100%. These results indicate that the slow-release fer tilizer as a membrane material through chemical processes of polymer degradation, therefore there has a significant slow-nitrogen release effect; as the core of the MAP, by the envelope of physical protection of phosphorus in the mole, there has a certain amount of slow-phosphorus release effect.
Key words: coated slow-release fertilizer; preparation; FTIR; nutrient release characteristic
提高肥料利用率,减轻或避免由于肥料损失造成的环境污染,发展可持续、高效农业是各国共同关注的问题"]。提高肥料利用率的方法和途径有很多,其中对肥料本身进行改性,开发缓释、控释肥料是最为快捷方便、最能从根本上解决肥料损失问题的有效措施(2)。肥料包膜是缓释肥料研制的一大热点,当前包膜缓释肥料的研制主要集中在包膜材料的选择上,理想的包膜缓释材料必须具有以下特
收稿日期:2009-08-19
接受日期:2009-12-29
基金项目:山西省科技攻关项目,20080311027-2。
点,即无毒无害,良好的力学及物理性质的稳定性,原料来源广泛、成本低廉、工艺简单、利于大规模生产[36]。目前,无机物作为包膜材料主要有硫磺、钙镁磷肥、沸石、石膏等,而有机高分子聚合物作为包膜材料可分为3类:1)渗透性膜,包膜物质为渗透性材料,水分子可经渗透膜扩散到内部,借助于内外部液压差造成包膜破裂;2)完整密闭包膜,须经化学、微生物或腐蚀作用的分解,肥料养分才能释放;
作者简介:王券梅(1984一),女,吉林长春人,硕士研究生,主要从事是可降解高分子材料的合成及性能研究。
E-mail:wangchunxin555@163.com。●通讯作者Tel;03513557256,E-mil:zflyq98@163.com
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