
植物营养与肥料学报2010,16(6):1527-1534 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science
水稻根表铁膜形成机制及其生态环境效应
傅友强,于智卫',蔡昆争2,沈宏1·
(1华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642;2华南农业大学农学院,广东广州510642)
摘要:许多水生植物的根系表面及其根际微环境都具有形成铁膜的能力,根表铁膜是植物适应水生环境的重要机制。本文叙述了水稽表铁膜的形成条件、化学组成与空间分布,分析了根表铁膜形成的生理与分子机理。探讨了根系氧化酶、氧化性物质、根系泌氧能力、根际氧化性微生物活性及相关基因在铁膜形成过程中的作用;在此基础上,进一步分析了水稻根表铁膜的营养效应和阻止重金属离子对根系的毒害效应。最后就根表铁膜的研究方法与调节机制进行了展望。
关键词:水稽;铁膜;形成机制;生态环境效应
中图分类号:S511.01;Q945
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1008-505X(2010)061527-08
Mechanisms of iron plaque formation on root surface of rice plants and their
ecologicalandenvironmentaleffects:Areview
FU You-qiang" , YU Zhi-wei', CAI Kun-zheng’, SHEN Hong'*
(I College of Resources and Emwironment, South China Agricultural Unitersity, Guangzhou, Guangplong 510642, China;
2 College of Agronomy, South China Agricultural Unitersity, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China)
Abstract: Many aquatic plants can form iron plaque on their root surface and rhizosphere. Formation of iron plaque on root surface is an important mechanism for aquatic plants to adapt aquatic environmental stress. In this study, the conditions for iron plaque formation, their chemical components and spatial distribution are reviewed, and the molecular and physiological mechanisms of formation of iron plaque are elucidated. The roles of oxidase, oxidative substances, oxygen-excreted capacity of rice roots, oxidative microbes in the rhizosphere and process-related gene regulation in the formation of iron plaque on the surface of rice roots are discussed. Based on the above, the ecolog ical and environmental effects of iron plaque including enhancement of nutrient uptake and avoiding heavy metal toxicity are analysed. Finally, analytical method for iron plaque measurement and their regulatory mechanisms are prospected for future study.
Key words: rice plants; iron plaque; formation mechanism; ecological and environmental effects
根表铁膜是水生植物适应环境胁迫的重要机制。许多水生植物都能形成铁膜,如苔草(Carex tristachyaL.)、香蒲(TyphalatifoliaL.)、芦苇(Phragmites australis L.)、草(Potamogeton crispus L.)等[1-]。这些植物为适应淹水环境,其地上部和根系的形态结构、生理特性均发生特殊的变化,其中最重要的是通气组织的大量形成。通气组织将大气中氧气通过叶片输送到根系,再由根系将这部分氧
收稿日期:2010-03-29
接受日期:2010-06-23
气和其它氧化性物质释放到根际环境,从而使淹水土壤中大量存在的还原性物质(如Fe2+、Mn2+、有机质等)氧化[如4Fe++O,+10H,O=4Fe(OH),+ 8H*],导致铁锈氧化物在根表沉积.形成铁膜[5]。水稻根表铁膜主要由铁氧化物胶膜形成,该胶膜是一种两性胶体,能够通过吸附和共沉淀等作用影响多种元素在土壤中的化学行为和生物有效性,从而减少根系对毒害离子的吸收,维持正常生长[7-8]。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(30771294,31071847):农业部生态农业重点实验室开效项目;广东省高等学校高层次人才项目资助。作者简介:傅友强(1984一),男,潮南新化人,硕士研究生,主要从事水霜极际誉养与环境助迫方面的工作。E-mail:fyq040430@163.com
通i讯作者 Tel:020-85281822,E-mail; hshen@ scau.edu,cn 万方数据