植物营养与肥料学报2017,23(1):1-8 Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer
doi:10.11674/zwyf.16460 http:/www.plantnutrifert.org
我国肥料产业面临的挑战与发展机遇
白由路
（中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京100081）
摘要：本文从我国农业对肥料的需求人手，分析了我国肥料产业面临着种植业施肥目标、肥料供需环境、肥料施用方式的变化以及肥料负面作用受到人们重视的客观现实。厘清我国植物营养与施肥在不同时期的任务和目标，肥料产业存在的问题，对指导我国肥料产业健康发展具有重要的参考意义。建国以来直到上世纪末，粮食和农业初级产品短缺一直围扰着国民经济的发展，提高肥料投入来增加供给是肥料施用和养分高效的主要目的。随着我国经济的发展，肥料施用从单纯的提高产量到产量与环境并重，而且环境要求越来越严，农业生产迫切需要养分效率高、环境友好型的肥料。肥料生产由卖方市场向买方市场的根本性转变加剧了肥料企业间的不正当竞争。我国肥料产业发展中出现了过分炒作概念、无限延伸肥料功能、肥料概念把握不科学、行业浮躁、踏实精神不足等问题，肥料标准过细等也影响着我国肥料产业的创新与发展。我国经济的连续快速发展，农业资金投人的大幅增加和农村劳动力的转移，规模化种植的推广，对我国肥料从产品、剂型到施用技术都提出了新的要求，为产业的发展提供了新的机遇。生产养分浓度、养分比例和养分形态适应不同作物和土壤环境
容量的肥料产品，适应简化施肥技术的缓控释肥，适应肥水一体化的全水溶肥料都要求肥料助剂的创新。关键词：肥料产业；施肥目的；发展机遇；影响因素；创新重点
ChallengesandopportunitiesoffertilizerindustryinChina
BAIYou-lu
(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,CAAS,BejingI00081)
Abstract: From the demands of fertilizer in China's agriculture, the changes of fertilization target, fertilizer supply and demand balance, the way of applying fertilizer and negative effects by fertilization were analyzed According the process of China's fertilizer development, the current development opportunities were pointed out. The target of fertilizer input has been changed fundamentally from sole for high output to reversible requirement for high output and environmental protection, which requires urgent innovation in nutrition ratio, nutrient types and nutrient release periods of the current fertilizer products. The fertilizer market has changed from seller's to buyer's nowadays, which exacerbates improper competition of fertilizer manufactures. Excessive concepts speculating, infinite extending of fertilizer function, not fully grasping the concept of fertilizer, lack of sureness spirit are common in the drumbeating of fertilizer products. Current new types of fertilizer administration system in China are not fit the healthy development of fertilizer industry, unfortunately. The rapid and consecutive economic growth in the past several decades in China has brought into the huge increase in agricultural input. The labor transfer and the coming operation in appropriate scale in countryside, and the extension of water-saving irrigation technology and no tillage and mulching cultivation require adapted fertilizer products. The technological innovation for Chinese fertilizer industry should focus in the nutrient concentration, forms, proportion and fertilizer additives
Key words: fertilizer industry; fertilization target; development challenge; impacting factors; innovation focus
收稿日期：2016-12-09
接受日期：2016-12-26
基金项目：国家支撑计划课题（2015BAD23B02）资助。
作者简介：白由路（1961-），男，河南湿县人，研究员，长期从事植物营养与施肥技术研究。E-mail：baiyoulu@caas.cn 万方数据