植物营养与肥料学报2011,17(1)：16-21 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science
西湖平原区连续13年定位施肥对麦、稻产量
及土壤肥力的影响
徐祖祥
（浙江省杭州市植保土肥总站，浙江杭州310020）
摘要：以浙江省水网平原水稻主产区土壤为对象，通过定位试验，研究了连续13年的不同施肥处理对麦稽产量、土填养分状况和物性状的影响。结果表明，化肥配施有机肥可显著提高麦、稍产量；不同施肥处理的长期定位试验土填有机质含量和个氮均旱上升趋势，增幅依次为：栏肥+NPK>秸秆+NPK>NPK>秸秆>栏肥>CK处理；土填碱解氮和速效磷也呈增加趋势，以栏肥+NPK处理的增幅最为明显。土壤物理性状的分析表明，长期施肥均能明显增加土壤水稳性闭粒含量和土壤孔度。经土填养分平衡分析，栏肥+NPK、秸秆+NPK和NPK处理的氮和磷望现盈余，秸秆和CK处理氮和磷亏缺；栏肥+NPK和秸秆+NPK处理钾基本平衡，NPK、秸秆、栏肥和CK处理钾严重亏缺。长期定位试验进一步证明有机肥与氮、码、钾化肥长期配合施用可实现当地农作物持续稳产，农田施
肥管理要注意适当减少氮、磷投人，增加钾肥施用量，保持农田土壤养分平衡。关键词：有机肥；化肥；施肥；产量；土壤肥力
中图分类号：S51.06
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008~505X(2011)01-0016-06
Influencesof consecutive13-yearlong-termfertilizationonyieldsof
riceandwheatandsoilfertilityinXihuPlain
XU Zu-xiang
(The General Station of Plant Protection,Soils and Fertilizers, Hangzhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture
Hangzhou 310020,China)
Abstract: The consecutive 13-year long-term fertilization trials with six fertilization treatments in Xihu plain were conducted to explore influences of long-term fertilization on the yields of single-cropping late rice and winter wheat and soil fertility. The results show that yields of wheat and rice are increased significantly under the application of chemical fertilizers combined with organic manure. The results of soil nutrient analysis show that contents of soil or-ganic matter and total nitrogen are gradually increased with experimental time among the all treatments. The highest value of soil organic matter content is observed in the treatment of the application of manure plus chemical fertiliz-ers, which is 25. 8% more than that at the beginning of the trials. Among the six treatments, the content of soil or-ganic matter are increased in the order of manure plus chemical fertilizers (NPK) > straw mulching plus chemical fertilizers (NPK) > chemical fertilizers (NPK) > straw > control. The results of soil physical analysis show that there are significant rising trends in soil water-stable granular structure and total soil porosity during 13 years in all fertiliation treatments, which is beneficial to the improvement of soil physical characteristics. Soil nutrient balance analysis on consecutive 13-year fixed-location fertilization indicate that NPK plus manure, NPK plus straw and NPK treatments have a surplus of nitrogen and phosphorus, while straw and control treatments show deficiencies of nitro gen and phosphorus. NPK plus manure and NPK plus straw show balances of input and output of potassium in
收稿日期：2010-04-09
接受日期：2010-06-24
基金项目：浙江省杭州市财政基金(1996006)项目资助。
作者简介：徐祖祥（1956一），男，断江绍兴人、高级农艺师，主要从事农田土壤长期定位监测及设施农业土壤障码因子治理研究。
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本文承蒙浙江大学环境与资源学院卢升高教授正，特此感谢！万方数据