植物营养与肥料学报2013，19(4)：964971 Joumal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer
doi:10.11674/zwyf.2013.0424
黄土丘陵区梯田果园土壤水分特征
肖列"，薛美2，刘国彬,2
（1西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所，黄土高原土壤侵蚀与早地农业国家重点实验室，陕西杨凌712100；
2中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所，陕西杨凌712100）
摘要：在干旱半干旱地区，土壤水分是影响作物生长和植被恢复的重要生态因子。采用土钻法对黄土丘陵区纸坊沟流域坡耕地、梯田和梯田果园2003～2010年雨季前后的土壤水分状况进行了连续测定，旨在明确梯田种植果树后对土壤水分的长期动态效应，为黄土丘陵区梯田果园的可持续发展提供指导意义。结果表明，坡改梯措施可明显减小0一300cm土层土壤储水量增量的年际变异，提高土壤含水量，减小土壤储水亏缺度，增大降南对100 300cm土层土壤储水亏缺补偿度；梯田果园化后0—300cm土层土壤储水量增量的年际变异呈现较大幅度的波动，200cm以下土壤含水量明显减小，土壤储水亏缺度增大，土壤储水亏缺补偿度由20%降为-10%。由此可见，梯田的蓄水保水量不足以供给果树的蒸腾耗水量，梯田果园化后将导致土壤水分的持续减少，可能导致土壤干层的形成。
关键词：黄土丘陵区；梯田果园；土壤水分亏缺；补偿与恢复
中图分类号：S606*.1；S152.7
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008-505X(2013)04-0964-08
Soilwater condition of terraced orchards inloess hilly andgully regions
XIAO Lie', XUE Sha'-, LIU Guo-bin'.2.
(1 State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau/Institute of Soil and Water Conseruation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; 2 Institute of Soil and Water Conserration, Chinese
Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling, Shaanzi 712100, China）
Abstract: Soil water is an important factor for affecting plant growth and development in the arid and semi-arid areas. In order to study inter-annual dynamics and the compensation characteristics of soil water deficit of terraced orchards, the present study investigated the soil water contents of slope croplands, terraced croplands and terraced orchards in later April and in later October from 2003 to 2010 in the loess hilly and gully regions. The results show that the terraced croplands can significantly decrease the inter-annual variation of soil water storages in the O300 e 0300 cm soil layer of the terraced orchards are significantly fluctuated inter-annually, the soil water contents are decreased remarkably below 200 cm and the water deficit is raised, and the compensation of the water deficit is dropped from 20% to 10%. In conclusion, the water storage in the terraces can not offer enough water to balance the water consumption of plants for evaporation, and the terraced orchards can result in a reduction of soil water and finally lead to a soil dry layer.
Key words: loess hilly region; terraced orchard; soil water deficit; compensation and rehabilitation
黄土丘陵区地处内陆腹地，光热资源丰富，查夜温差大，雨热同季，适宜果树栽培，目前该区域普遍
收稿日期：20121125
接受日期：201304-02
建立了不同类型的山地果园，这对促进区域经济发展、加快群众脱贫致富起到了巨大作用[1-2)。然而
基金项目：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDA05060300）；西北农林科技大学基本科研业务费专项（ZD2013021）：陕西省科学技术研究发
展计划项目（2011KJXX63）。
作者简介：肖列（1987—），男，河北保定人，博士研究生，主要从事水土保持方面的研究工作。E-mail；xiaosha525@163.com
*通信作者E-mail：ghliu@ms.iswe.ac.cn
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