植物营养与肥料学报2017,23(1):224-230 Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer
doi: 10.11674/zwyf.16040 http://www.plantnutrifert.org
蚕豆增加直径为0.3～0.7mm的中等根系根长
适应土壤异质养分供应廖晗茹，李春杰，李海港，张福锁（中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京100193）
摘要：【目的】土壤养分通常呈异质分布。垂豆根系具有很强的养分活化能力，苗期垂豆的生物量积累对土增养分供应不敏感，研究蚕豆根系形态对异质养分供应的响应，为挖掘作物高效利用土壤养分的生物学潜力提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验，设四个处理：均质供应低量氮磷钾养分；异质供应低量氮磷钾养分；均质供应高量氮磷钾养分；异质供应高量氮磷钾养分。测定蚕豆生物量、根系形态特征、根际过程和地上部养分吸收。【结果】蚕豆地上部生物量在3.0～4.0g/pot之间，根系生物量是地上部生物量的20%左右，四个处理间没有显著差异。在低养分土上，异质养分供应处理的蚕豆总根系长度比均质养分供应高46.0%。异质养分供应诱导了中等根系(0.30.7mm)的增生，增加了根系总长度。在高养分土上，未供应养分一侧的垂豆根系长度为 1.7m/pot，明显高于供应养分的一侧54.5%，
，后者与均质养分供应的根系长度无明显差异。无论低养分还是高
养分土处理，直径为0.3~0.7mm的中等根系都是垂豆根系的主体，分别占总根长的67.5%和73.1%。蚕豆比根长在40.0～65.0m/g之间。在低养分土上，异质养分供应蚕豆两侧的比根长显著高于均质养分供应处理 41.4%和43.8%，但两侧比根长并无明显差异，说明异质养分供应能够减少根系的直径，增加根系的表面积。蚕豆根际酸性磷酸酶活性在PNP0.22～0.53μmol/(g-h）（干土）之间。在低养分土中，均质与异质供应养分两侧的根际磷酸酶活性并无显著性差异。蚕豆根系分泌的有机酸阴高子种类有草果酸阴离子、柠檬酸阴离子和琥珀酸阴离子，每种有机酸阴离子浓度在处理间无明显差异。所有处理蚕豆地上部养分浓度均在养分亏缺临界浓度之上。养分供应方式和强度对蚕豆地上部的氮磷钾浓度和吸收量没有显著影响。【结论】蚕豆根系能够感知土
壤养分供应的状况，改变不同直径根系的比例和0.3～0.7mm直径根系的长度，增强吸收土壤养分的能力。关键词：异质养分供应；蚕豆；根系长度
Incrementof rootlength of0.3-0.7mm indiameterinfababean contributesto
theadaptationtoheterogeneous soil nutrients supply
LIAO Han-ru, LIChun-jie, LI Hai-gang，ZHANG Fu-suo
(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 10193, China)
Abstract:【 Objectives] Soil nutrients are distributed heterogeneously along soil profile. Fababean has been found a strong capacity to mobilize soil nutrients, and fababean seedlings are insensitive to soil nutrients supply Studying the responses of fababean root morphology to heterogeneous and low nutrients supply will help exploring biological potential of crops to use soil nutrients efficiently.[ Methods] A pot experiment was carried out inside grcenhouse with four treatments including homogenous and heterogeneous nutrients supply in low and high fertility soils. Biomass, root properties, rhizosphere processes and nutrients uptakes were determined[Results ] The shoot biomass ranged from 3.0 to 4.0 g/pot in all the treatments, and the root biomass were only about 20% of the shoot biomass.There were no significant differences on biomass accumulation among treatments. Fababean grown in the low fertility soil had a higher total root length, and the total root length with
收稿日期：201601-25
接受日期：2016-06-01
基金项目：国家重点基础研究发展计划（973-2013CB127402）资助。
作者简介：廖晗药（1994—），女，江西省新余市人，硕士研究生，主要从事根际研究。E-mail：liaohanru@163.com
*通信作者E-mail：haigangli@cau.edu.cn
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