植物营养与肥料学报2017,23(1):208-216 Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer
doi: 10.11674/zwyf.16091 http://www.plantnutrifert.org
钾肥基施利于甘薯块根产量的形成张彬彬，史春余*，柳洪鹃，任国博，孙哲（1山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验，山东泰安271018
2山东省泰安市农业科学研究院，山东泰安271018）
摘要：【目的】研究不同施钾方法对甘薯块根产量形成的影响，可为甘薯高产稳产寻找合理的钾肥施用方法，并阐明其增产机理。【方法】选取典型的食用型甘薯品种红香蕉和北京553为试材，于2013～2014年两个生长季在山东农业大学农学试验站进行田间试验。设4个施钾处理：不施钾肥(CK)、全部钾肥基施(JS)、全部钾肥封期追施(FS)、基施钾肥和封期追施钾肥各占50%(/JS+"/，FS)。在主基第4、5片展开叶上标记 1"cO,，24、48和96h后取样，用质谱仪(Isoprime100)测定不同部位的"c含量。从甘薯裁秧后50d开始，每隔20d取样直到收获。按根、基、叶、柄四部分分别称重，将主茎自功能叶所在位置至基部等分为三段，取
上、下两端用于测定蔗糖含量
量，计算经济系数。【结果】甘薯施用钾肥能显
收获期正生额产量和块产
著提高生物产量、经济系数和经济系数和块根产量差异显著，：株干物质积累量和功能叶光合产
数在块银中的分配
肥处理光合产物源端装载和库端卸载的效率显著高于其他处
各施钾处理之间比较，生物产量差异不显著，
量最高。栽秩后50d，基施钾肥处理植
他施钾处理。裁秧后50d和110d，基施钾秧后150d，所有施钾肥处理趋于一致。栽稚
后50d，基施钾肥处理光合产物转运效率显著高于其他施
栽秧后100d和150d，施钾肥处理间效果趋
于一致。在裁秧后50～130d，基施钾肥处理的块根膨大速率一直高于其他施钾处理。【结论】在相同供试土壤和气候条件下，钾肥施用时间越早，越有利于甘薯早发、快长，促进块根早形成、快膨大；光合产物由叶片向块根运转效率的高值持续期越长，越有利于提高光合产物在块根中的分配。因此，全部钾肥基施甘薯经济系数和块根产量最高，是最经济有效的施肥方法。
关键词：甘薯；施钾方法；块根产量；光合产物转运效率；块根膨大速率
Basalapplicationofpotassiumbenefitstheyieldformationofsweetpotato
ZHANG Bin-bin', SHI Chun-yu', LIU Hong-juan', REN Guo-bo', SUN Zhe?
( I Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University/Stale Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China;
2Tai'an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong271000,China)
Abstract:【 Objectives] In order to search the reasonable potassium application method for high and stable root tuber yield of sweet potato and clarify the yield-increasing mechanism, the effect of potassium application methods on yield formation of sweet potato was studied through field experiment and lab analysis. [ Methods ] A filed experiment was conducted with two typical edible sweet potato cultivars of Beijing 553 and Hongxiangjiao in 2013 and 2014. The potash application treatments included no K (CK), all applied as basal fertilizer (JS), all applied when the field was completely covered by crop (FS), and half potassium applied as basal fertilizer and half potassium applied when the field was completely covered by crop (/, JS + '/, FS). 13cO, was labeled when the fourth or fifth leaves fully unfolded. Samples for '3C detection using Isoprime 1o0 were collected in 24 h, 48 h and 96 h after labeling. Since the 50 days after transplanting, samples were collected until harvest in interval of 2o days. The samples were divided into four parts: root, stem, leaf and petiole, and weighed
接受日期：2016-05-26
收稿日期：2016-0309
基金项目：国家自然基金项目（31371577）；山东省薯类产业创新团队首席专家项目（SDAIT-10-011-01）资助。
作者简介：张彬彬（1988—），男，河北保定人，硕士研究生，主要从事甘薯生理生态研究。E-mail：zhangbinli27@126.com
*通信作者Tel：0538-8246259，E-mail：scyu@sdau.edu.cn
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