植物营养与肥料学报2017,23(4):1095-1103 Journal of PlantNutrition and Fertilizer
doi: 10.11674/zwyf.16316 http:/www.plantnutrifert.org
机械侧深施控释掺混肥提高寒地水稻的产量和效益
马昕，杨艳明'，刘智蕾"，孙彦坤，于彩莲12*，彭显龙13
（1东北农业大学资源与环境学院，哈尔滨150030；2哈尔滨理工大学化学与环境工程学院，哈尔滨150040；
3黑龙江粮食产能协同创新中心，哈尔滨150030）
摘要：【目的】追肥表施是霜田氮效率低的主要原因，本研究探讨了深施控释掺混肥对水霜产量和氮效率的影响。【方法】以机插水稻为供试作物，于2013～2015年在黑龙江农垦大兴农场进行田间试验，在肥料总量和底肥用量相同的条件下，设置了常规追肥（在分藻期和抽穗期追施尿索两次，追施方法为地表撒施，FFP）和机械
60天(OPT2）两种。在实验室和田间测定了控释尿素的释放情况，调查了水稻氮素积累、产量等指标。【结果】在25℃条件下，两种控释尿素水中释放期（释放率为80%)分别约为40天和70天；在田间对应值分别为50天和80天。与常规施肥相比，OPT1和OPT2促进了水稻快速返青，增加了早期分葉和最高分巢数，在水稍分募成穗率稍有提高的条件下，OPT1和OPT2处理较FFP处理水稍收获穗数提高了15.8%～21.1%（P< 0.05),水稻产量提高了13.4%～18.7%(P<0.05)。OPT1和OPT2虽然肥料投入稍有增加，由于增产使每公项增收3000元以上，施用释放期长的控释肥增收效果更好。【结论】机插侧深施用控释掺混肥能保证水稽整个生育期对氮索的需求，成熟期氮积累和干物质积累显著增加。机插侧深施用控释掺混肥实现肥料的深施，增加了水稽产量和氮效率。
关键词：寒地；稻田；产量；控释掺混肥：机械施肥
Yield increasing effect of mechanical topdressing of polymer-coated urea mixed
with compoundfertilizerin cold arearice
MA Xin', YANG Yan-ming', LIU Zhi-lei', SUN Yan-kun', YU Cai-lian'-2-, PENG Xian-long'-( I College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin /50030, China,
2 Institude of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China, 3 Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Production Capacity Improvement in Heilong/iang Province, Harbin 150030, China )
Abstract: [ Objeetives Artificial surface application in paddy fields after the transplanting is one of the main reasons resulting in low nitrogen use efficiency. This paper mainly discussed effect of mechanized topdressing polymer-coated mixed fertilizer on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency. [ Methods ] The experiments were conducted at Daxing Farm in Heilongjiang Province from 2013 to 2015. Under the same total fertilizer and base fertilizer dosages, the control topdressing was urea broadcasting at tillering stage and heading stage of rice; the treatment topdressing was mechanized topdressing of two kinds of polymer-coated urea, the theoretical release duration was 50 days (OPT1) and 60 days (OPT2), which were mixed with compound fertilizers and applied at 5 cm deep beside the seedling roots. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to measure the release rate of the polymer-coated urea, nitrogen accumulation and rice yield were analyzed. [ Results The release durations of the two kinds of polymer-coated urea (release rate were 80%) were approximately 40 days and 70 days in 25°C water, respectively, and those in the field were 50 days and 80 days, respectively. Compared with the rice treated with conventional fertilizer practice, the rice treated with mechanical side dressing had shortcr time for
接受日期：2016-11-18
收稿日期：2016-08-17
基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0300909）；国家自然科学基金项目（41101281）；省基金重点项目（ZD2015008）资励作者简介：马昕（1991—），女，黑龙江哈尔滨人，硕士研究生，主要从事农业资源利用方面的研究。E-mail：13503608816@163.com
*通信作者Tel:0451-86392714；E-mail;Lgyucailian@163.com
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