植物营养与肥料学报2017,23(5)：1387-1393 Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizen
doi: 10.11674/zwyf.16379 http://www.plantnutrifert.org
底肥分层条施提高冬小麦干物质积累及产量
温樱，王东*
（山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室，山东泰安271018）摘要：【目的】探讨底肥按比例分层条施对冬小麦群体动态变化、干物质积累与分配及籽粒产量的调节作用，为创建合理的耕层供肥条件提供理论依据。【方法】于2014～2015年和2015～2016年冬小麦生长季，在大田条件下，设置5种底肥施用方式：不施底肥(T1)；底肥单层条施在地表下8、16和24cm(T2、T3和T4)；底肥按1：2：3分为三份，分别施在地表下8、16和24cm土层(T5)。各处理均于拨节期随灌溉水追施氮肥，施肥量一致。调查了小麦关键生育期的生长和发育状况以及养分利用率。【结果】底肥单层条施时，在一定范围内随施肥深度增加，冬小麦分和成穗数减少，但穗粒数显著增加，开花后干物质同化量提高，成熟期单茎干物质在各器官中的分配量增加，尽管开花后营养器官忙存的干物质向籽粒中的转移再分配受到抑制，但籽粒产量仍有一定程度的提高。与T4相比，T5的穗粒数和千粒重无明显变化，但植株分集和成穗数显著提高，开花后单位面积干物质积累量和籽粒产量均显著增加。【结论】通过优化养分在耕层土壤的分布，调节各生育阶段的养分供给，进而协调开花后干物质同化与营养器官临时贮存干物质再分配，及穗数与穗粒重之间的关系，在增
加穗数的同时仍保持较高的穗粒数和千粒重，是底肥按比例分层条施实现冬小麦高产的重要原因。关键词：冬小麦；分层施肥；干物质积累与分配；籽粒产量
Basal fertilization in strips at different soil depths to increase dry matter
accumulation and yield of winter wheat
WENYing，WANGDong
( Colloge of Agronomy, Shandong Agricaltural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop
Ecophysiology anid Farming System, Ministry of'4griculture, Taian, Shandong 271018, China )
Abstract:[Objeetives】 The effect of basal fertilizer layered at different soil depths and in stripes with different proportion on the dry matter accumulation and yield of winter wheat was studied in this paper, in order to provide a theoretical basis for reasonable fertilizer application in topsoil. [ Methods ] A 2-year field study was carried out eae cm depth (T2), 16 cm (T3) and 24 cm (T4); basal fertilizer was divided into three parts with the proportion of 1 : 2 : 3 and applied in stripes of 8, 16 and 24 cm depths of soil (T5). All the treatments were top-dressed with the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer in jointing stage. The growth and nutrient use efficiency in the key growing stages of wheat were investigated. [ Results Among treatments of T2, T3 and T4, the tiller and ear number of winter wheat were reduced with the increase of fertilization depth, but the grain number per spike was significantly increased; the dry matter assimilation after the anthesis and the allocation amount of dry matter in different organs at the maturity were improved; the grain yields were increased, although the redistribution of dry matter from vegetative organs to grain after the anthesis were restrained. Compared to T4, the grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight were not significantly increased in T5, while the tillers and the ear number were
收稿日期：201609-30
接受日期：2017-02-17
基金项目：公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费项目（201503130）；国家自然科学基金项目（31271660）；山东省农业重大应用技术创
新课题资助。
作者简介：温（1991一），女，山东招远人，硕士研究生，主要从事小麦高产高效模培理论与技术研究。
E-mail;wenyingyx1991@163.com。
万方数据
*通信作者 Tel: 0538-8240096,E-mail:wangd@sdau.edu.cn