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磷肥与复肥
Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer
磷酸二氢钾的制备与应用研究进展
吴宇川",何兵兵”,薛绍秀,贺银菊,胡宏”
2017年2月第32卷第2期
(1.黔南民族师范学院,贵州都勾558000;2.瓮福(集团)有限责任公司,贵州福泉
550501
[摘要】阐述国内磷酸二氢钾的制备方法(中和法、复分解法、直接法、结晶法、电解法、革取法和离子交换法等)及其在农业、食品行业和工业上的应用。提出中和法成本较高,但产品品质较好;复分解法成本低,但品质不如中和法;革取法则综合了上速两种方法的优势,成本适中,
产品纯度高,在诸多制备方法中具有较大的优势
磷酸二氨钾在叶面喷肥上应用较为广泛,能是著提高农作物产量,且磷酸二氢钾水溶性优良,可以作为全水溶性肥料;在食品行业作为营养添加剂也有广泛应用。
【关键词]磷酸二氢钾;制备方法;应用;研究进展
【文献标志码]A
[中图分类号]TQ444.3
[文章编号]10076220(2017)02003005
Research progress on preparation and application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate
WU Yuchuan', HE Bingbing', XUE Shaoxiu', HE Yinju', HU Hong
(1.Qiannan Normal Unirersity for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China; 2.Wengfu (Group) Co., Lad, Fuquan 550501, China) Abstract: The preparation methods of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) in China and its application in agriculture, food and industry are systematically
a
decomposition method, direct method, crystallization process, electrolytic process, extraction method and ion exchange method etc. It is pointed that the cost of neutralization method is very high, but the product quality is good; Although the cost of the compound decomposition method is low, the product quality is not as good as the neutralization method; The extraction method combines the advantages of the above two methods, the cost is moderate and the product purity is high, so this method had a great advantage in many preparation methods. KDP can significantly increase crop yield and it is widely used in foliar spray fertilizer, KDP can be used as water soluble fertilizer for its excellent water solubility. KDP has a wide range of applications in food industry as nutritional additive.
Key words: potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP); preparation method; application; research progress
磷酸二氢钾含磷和钾两种营养元素,化学性质
稳定、无毒无害,目不易结块,在农作物尤其是经济作物的施肥上有着非常广泛的用途,能改善经济作物的口感,并显著提高产量,是一种优良的化肥品种。我国是磷酸二氢钾的主要消费国,然而占消费量将近50%的磷酸二氢钾需要从国外进口。国内生产磷酸二氢钾的厂家较少,主要分布在四川和湖北两省,且规模均不大。我国多数厂家采用中和法生产磷酸二氢钾,以热法磷酸或净化湿法磷酸和钾碱为原料,成本较高,限制了其发展;采用复分解法和离子交换法的厂家生产规模也均在1万t/a以下;随着有机溶剂萃取法技术的进步,利用该法生产磷酸二氢钾的厂家将逐渐增多。
磷酸二氢钾的制备方法主要有中和法、萃取
万方数据
法、复分解法和直接法等。中和法工业应用较多,复分解法因产品含有氢需要进行重结晶提纯,首接法对磷矿的要求较高,相比而言目前对萃取法的研究较多,还会有较大发展。笔者从国内对磷酸二氢钾的研究现状出发,系统介绍磷酸二氢钾的制备方法和用途,同时为磷酸二氢钾作为水溶性肥料用于农作物提供了一条简单可行的生产工艺路线。
[收稿日期】2016-1123
[作者筒介】吴宇川(1993-),男,贵州荔波人,研究方向为磷化工工艺技术。Email;860530714@qq.coe
通信作者】何兵兵,男,工程师,主要从事砖化工及新型肥科的研究。Email;huhong9@163.com
【基金项目】贵州省科技厅工业攻关计划项目(黔科合GY字(()