
8
磷肥与氢肥
Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer
2017年3月第32卷第3期
KH,PO4-KNO-H.O三元水盐体系在313.15K
条件下相图的测定和研究
林胜强,唐建华
(四川大学化学工程学院,四川咸都610065)
【摘要]采用等温溶解平衡法测定KH,PO。-KNO,-H,O三元水盐体系在313.15K条件下的溶解度,并利用温渣法和XRD对平衡围相进行分析和验证。根据实验数据绘制相图,相图结果表明,KH,PO.-KNO,-H,O体系的落解度等温线有个三元共饱和点,两条分支,将相图划分为4个区城:不饱和区、KH,PO.结晶区、KNO,结晶区和KH,PO.KNO,的混合结晶区。313.15K下的共饱和点成为e(KH,PO.)7.76%、(KNO,)33.24%。同时,测定溶液的密度,画出三元体系溶液密度与KNO,含量的关系图,并将实验测定的密度值与密度模型计算的密度值进行比较,验证了该密度模型的可靠性。
[关键词]磷酸二氢钾;确硝酸钾:相图;密度
[中图分类号】TQ126.3*5
【文献标志码】A
[文章编号】10076220(2017)03000803
Study onphase equilibriuminKH,PO,-KNO,-H.Oternary systemat313.15K
LIN Shengqiang,TANG Jianhua
(School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan Unitersity, Chengdu 610065, China)
Abstract: The solubility of KH,PO,KNO,H,O ternary system at 313.15 K is measured by the method of isothermal solution saturation, and the components of equilibrium solids are detected and verified by the Schreinemaker's method of wet residues and Xray diffraction (XRD) , According to the experimental data, the phase diagram is plotted. The results of the phase diagram show that there are a invariant point and two solubility branches, which divide the diagram into four regions, including the unsaturated region, KH,PO. crystallization region, KNO, crystallization region and the mixed crystallization region of KH,PO.KNO,. The composition of invariant points is of w (KH,PO.)7.76%, w (KNO,)33.24% at 313.15 K. At the same time, the density of the system is investigated and the relational graph of density and the content of KNO, is plotted. The density of saturated solution according to the model of density is compared with the experimental data, which tests the reliability of the model.
Key words: potassium dihydrogen phosphate; potassium nitrate; phase diagram; density
磷酸二氢钾是一种重要的磷钾复合肥,广泛应用于各种类型的农作物。它营养成分高:w(K,O) 34.61%,w(P,0,)达52.16%,一般作为农作物中后期的叶面喷洒肥,能缓冲土壤酸碱变化,稳定土壤的pH值,避免灼伤叶片和根。此外,它也是食品和医药等行业的重要原料。
磷酸二氢钾的制备方法有很多,国内主要采取中和法,一般采用净化湿法磷酸和氢氧化钾或碳酸钾为原料,其化学反应方程式为:
H,PO.+KOHKH.PO.+H,O;
2H,PO. + K;CO, 2KH,PO. + CO, T + H,O。
(1)(2)
目前,我国绝大部分湿法磷酸生产是采用硫酸万方数据
分解磷矿,湿法磷酸经过初步净化后,仍含有多种杂质,包括SO.、F、Fe"等,这些杂质在生产中对磷酸二氢钾的结晶过程产生很大影响,从而严重影响磷酸二氢钾的质量"]。我国是缺硫的国家,硫黄主要依靠进口,随着高品质磷矿的不断消耗,继续利用硫酸分解低品质磷矿将使生产能力下降,同时,解决副产磷石膏堆积造成的环境问题也迫在眉
[收稿日期】2016-12-27
【作者简介】林胜强(1991-),男,湖北黄冈人,硕士研究生。 Email: 906298905@qq.com
[通信作者]唐建华,男,教授。E-mailjianhuatang@ckfc.asia[基金项目】国家自然科学基金(No.21476151)