第49卷第4期 2011年8月
生产技术
化肥设计
Chemical Fertilizer Design
Aug.2011·33·
低压投煤技术在壳牌煤气化装置中的应用
陈二孩，李国胜
（1.大唐国际化工技术研究院有限公司，北京100070；2.大唐国际发电股份有限公司，北京100033）
摘要：壳牌煤气化装置低压投煤开车技术要求开工烧嘴在较低热负荷情况下的运行时间尽可能短，且气化炉压力在0.1~0.5MPa(原设计为0.81.0MPa)时就投用煤烧嘴，并通过煤烧嘴的运行来为气化炉升温升压，直至装置满负荷运行。分析了壳牌煤气化装置采用高压投煤开车存在的主要间题及其原固；对比了高压投煤和低压投煤的运行情况；提出了采用低压投煤技术的具体实施步蒙以及对高压投煤技术的改意见。结果表明：采用低压投
煤技术1次投煤成功率接近100%，煤气化装置从点火到粗合成气外送的最短时间为0.5h。关键词：壳牌煤气化装置；投煤开车低压投煤技术；点火烧嘴；开工烧嘴；煤烧嘴；授煤成功率
中图分类号：TQ542
文献标识码：B
文章编号：1004-8901（2011)04003303
Application of CoalFeeding Technology under Low Pressure in Shell Coal Gasification Plant
CHEN Er-hai, LI Guo- sheng
(1. Datang Inlernational Chemical Technology Research Institute Company Led. , Bejing 100070 China
2. Datang International Poveer Generation Stock Company Lad. , Bejing 100033China)
Abstract :It was required for technology of coal feeding under low pressure in Shell coal gasification plant that running time was shorter as possible foe slarting-up burmer under lower heat load, moreover while the pressure of gasifier is within 0. 1 ~0. 5MPa (original design pressure is 0. 8 ~1. 0 MPa), the coal burmer was put into operation, and both the temperature and pressure in gasifier were increased through operation of the coal bumer, until the plant reached to the full load operation. Author has analyzed the main problems existed in Shell eoal gasifieation plant by use of coal feeding under bigh pressure and its reason ; has compared the running situations for coal feeding under low and high pressures; has proposed the concrete execution steps for coal feeding under low pressure and the improvement comments for coal feeding technology under high pressure, Result indicates that the success rate for coal feeding in one time is approached to 100% by use of eoal feeding technology under low pressure; the shortest time of the gasification plant from igni tion to sending out the coarse synthesis gas is 0. 5 h.
Key words;Shell coal gasification plant; coal feeding for starting-up; coal feeding technology under low pressure; starting-up bumer; coal burner; success rate of coal feeding
壳牌煤气化工艺是典型的第2代煤气化工艺之一。煤粉、氧气在加压条件下进人气化炉内，在极为短暂的时间内完成升温、挥发分脱除、裂解、燃烧及转化等一系列物理和化学过程，气化产物是以 H,和CO为主要成分的合成气(")。
壳牌煤气化装置采用干煤粉加压进料方式，气化炉膛温度高达1400~1600℃，压力4.0MPa，具有碳转化率高、氧耗低、冷煤气效率高、有效气体含量高、酸性气体处理费用低、环保效益好等优势，但按原设计，壳牌煤气化炉开车时开工烧嘴运行时间较长，须在炉内压力达到0.8~1.0MPa时才被充许投用煤烧嘴，一次性投煤成功率较低。因而本文主要针对0.8~1.0MPa的高压投煤技术（相对于0.1 ~0.5MPa的低压投煤技术)存在的弊端，探讨低压投煤技术在壳牌煤气化装置中的应用。
万方数据
壳牌煤气化技术开车过程
壳牌煤气化炉采用水冷壁结构，开车前水冷壁内的水温为230℃左右，汽包水在水冷壁中做水循环。壳牌煤气化炉有3种工况的烧嘴：①点火烧嘴1个，所用的原料为液化气和仪表空气，在气化炉微负压的情况下将开工烧嘴点燃后退出；②开工烧嘴1个，原料为柴油和氧气，用点火烧嘴将其点燃，用开工烧嘴为气化炉升压，当炉内压力升至0.8~1.0MPa时投用煤烧嘴，开工烧嘴则自动退出，此时气化炉压力为1.0MPa左右；③煤烧嘴为气化炉正常工况时使用的烧嘴，
作者简介：陈二孩（1979年－），男，河南辉县人，2005年毕业于河南大学化学化工学院化学工程与工艺专业，从事煤气化技术的研究工作。