搅拌摩擦焊技术在弹箭体贮箱锁底环缝上的应用
郝云飞
马建波王凯
房晓笑魏瑞刚
（首都航天机械公司，北京100076）
文摘明确了搅择摩擦焊技术应用于贮箱锁底环缝需要解决的关键问题。首先对熔焊锁底接头结构进行了搅拌摩擦焊工艺适应性设计，取消了背部焊漏槽和正面焊接坡口。结果表明：当叉形环位于焊缝前进侧，搅择针长度与短壳板材厚度相当时锁底接头力学性能最优。锁底接头超声相控阵分析结果表明：存在于装配界面与焊核交界处的信号显示可以不当作缺陷信号判读。提出了采用立式帽装方式实现锁底环缝的装配焊接方案，并研制了可以保证锁底环缝装配间隙、错边、环缝平面度、贴合度以及叉形环大端周长的成套工装。实现了搅拌摩擦焊技术在Φ3350mm贮箱锁底环缝上的工程化应用，无损检测结果、形位尺寸符合设计要求。
关键词搅择摩擦焊技术，锁底环缝，关键问题，应用
中图分类号：TG4
D0I:10.12044/j.issn.10072330.2017.03.011
Applicationof FrictionStirWeldingTechnologytoLockCircumferential
WeldofLaunchVehicleTank
HAOYunfei
LIXiaoxiao
WEIRuigang
MAJianbo
(Capital Aerospace Machinery Company, Beijing 100076)
WANGKai
AbstractThis paper clarified the key problems in the application of the friction stir welding technology to the lock circumferential weld of the tank. Firstly, the conventional structure of the lock joint used to fusion welding must be redesigned, and the back welding groove and the front welding groove were eliminated. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the lock joint presented the best performance when the length of the pin was equal to the thickness of the short shell, and the fork ring was located on the advancing side of the weld. The results of ultrasonic phased array analysis showed that the signal display existing at the interface of assembly interface and welding nugget can not be interpreted as the defect signal. The vertical assembly welding scheme is used to assemble and weld the lock circumferential weld, and a set of tooling is developed to assure the assembly clearance, the wrong side, the flat-ness of the weld, and so on. The friction stir welding technology has been applied to the lock joint of the @p3350 mm tank has been realised, and its nondestructive test results and geometrical dimension met the design requirements
Key wordsFriction stir welding,Lock circumferential weld,Key technics,Application 0引言
我国现役系列运载火箭贮箱主要采用卧式总装（图1），其焊接顺序为先焊接接底环缝，再焊接锁底环缝。在实际生产中熔焊锁底环缝遇到较多的问题，主要有：焊接缺陷多、焊接变形大、熔焊电弧存在击穿叉形环的可能性等"。本文提出了“将锁底环缝从总装型架功能中剥离出来，采用搅拌摩擦焊技术直接制造箱底组合件”的方法。要实现该制造思路需要解决4个关键间题：（1)针对搅拌摩擦焊工艺需要进
收稿日期：2016-12-22；修回日期：2017-01-19
行适应性改进；(2)对焊透深度、叉形环/短壳的前进侧位置等参数进行优化；（3）“短壳与叉形环的装配界面”与焊核存在的一个交叉点，在进行超声相控阵检测时必然存在信号显示。这个信号是否当作缺陷信号判读非常值得研究；（4）先焊接锁底环缝，如何保证叉形环大端外周长及型面不变化。本文以某型号二级氧箱后底组合件为研究对象开展研究，进而实现搅拌摩擦焊技术在贮箱锁底环缝上的应用。
第一作者简介：部云飞，1984年出生，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事揽拌摩擦焊，摩擦塞补焊等研究工作。E-mail；haoyunfei1234@163.com
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宇航材料工艺
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2017年第3期