
2.5D衍生结构SiO.f/SiO,复合材料的经向力学性能
张剑吕毅赵英民(航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所,北京100074)
文摘以几种不同的2.5D衍生结构织物为增强体,制备了法向增强、经向增强及经法向增强2.5D SiOz/SiO,复合材料,比较了上述材料与现有2.5DSiOa/SiOz复合材料的经向力学性能,并研究了经法向增强2.5D结构复合材料中增强纱比例、纤维体积分数与材料性能之间的关系,对织物结构进行了优化。结果表明,经法向增强2.5DSiOa/SiO,复合材料的经向力学性能较现有2.5D复合材料有显著提高,该材料在较低密度下(1.6g/cm),经向拉伸强度与现有材料(1.65g/cm")持平,且经向压缩强度接近现有材料的4.3倍。
关键调2.5D衍生结构,SiOz/SiOz,复合材料,力学性能
中图分类号:TB332
D0I:10.3969/j. issn.10072330.2015.04.020
MechanicalPropertiesinWarpDirectionof2.5DDerived
StructuresSiO2/SiO2Composites ZHANGJianLVYiZHAOYingmin
(Research Institute of Aerospace Special Materials and Processing Technology,Beijing100074)
Abstract Several 2.5D derived structures SiOg/SiO, composites were fabricated by sol-gel using warp-laid-in 2.5D woven structure,z-laid-in 2.5D woven structure and warp & z-laid-in 2.5D woven structure. The mechanical properties in the warp direction between these composites and prior 2. 5D SiOz/SiO, composite were compared in this paper, and so the effects of the straight warp yam proportion and fiber volume fraction on the mechanical properties. The fiber reinforcement architecture of warp & Z-laid-in 2. 5D fabric was optimized on this basis. The results show that the mechanical properties of composites in the warp direction have been improved obviously by using warp & Z-laid-in 2.5D fabric as the reinforcement. While the longitudinal tensile strength remained basically unchanged, the longitudinal compressive strength of the low density composites (1.6g/cm') increased by 4.3 times compared with prior high density 2.5D composite (1.65g/cm°).
Keywords2.5D derived structures,Sioz/SiO,,Composites,Mechanical properties
0引言
天线罩既是飞行器结构的重要组成部分,又是保护天线系统不受高速飞行造成的恶劣气动环境影响、正常进行信号传输工作的屏障,是一种集透波、防热、承载和抗蚀等多功能于一体的部件[1-4]。对于马赫数大于4的高速飞行器,气动环境严酷,将导致天线罩的使用温度达到600℃以上,继而对透波材料的力、热、电性能提出了严格的要求[5-6]。
目前,耐温大于600℃且成熟度较高的透波材料体系只有融石英陶瓷和石英纤维增强二氧化硅(SiO/SiO,)复合材料。融石英陶瓷脆性高,使用可
收稿日期:2015-04-15
靠性低,无法满足高马赫数大载荷飞行器天线罩的使用要求,而由于连续纤维的增强、增韧作用,SiO2z SiO,复合材料的力学性能较融石英陶瓷有显著提高,使用可靠性大幅提升,其中2.5DSiOzr/SiO,复合材料已在国内外多个型号天线罩上获得成功应用逐渐成为了耐高温陶瓷天线罩的首选材料[7-9]。
由于新型飞行器飞行速度更快、飞行时间更长,与之配套的大尺寸非回旋体天线罩及大跨度曲面板天线窗对耐高温透波材料提出了更高的承载、透波要求。现有2.5DSiO/SiO,复合材料的力学性能仍有待进一步提高,特别是经向力学性能的不足严重地限
作者简介:张剑,1982年出生,博士,主要从事透波复合材料的研究。E-mailfirebatgo@163.com
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2015年第4期
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