
2011年第5卷第1期 2011,Vol.5,No.1
南方电网技术
SOUTHERNPOWERSYSTEMTECHNOLOGY
文章编号:1674-0629(2011)01-0025-04
中图分类号:TM564;TM41
高压直流输电 HVDCTransmission
文献标志码:A
真空有载分接开关在高压直流换流变压器中的运用
沈大中,AxelKraemer,DieterDohnal
(德国MR公司,Falkensteinstr.8,93059 Regensburg,Germany)
摘要:有载分接开关(on-loadtap-changers,OLTC)是高压直流输电线路中现代换流变压器不可或缺的设备,可对系统的电压变化进行补偿,优化变频器控制角,并使高压直流系统降压运行成为可能。但开关操作时产生的电流具有隧崂的非正弦波形,不仅增加了开关切换的负荷,也增加了开关的容量和尺寸,而且开关频繁操作对维护提出了很高的要求。比较了接流变压器和电力变压器OLTC的操作条件。具空开关技术的引入使得真空OLTC除了可以消除油的污染外,还具备独特的优势,可承受高切换负荷,可用在高压直流换流变压器上,OLTC的容客量配置可以优化调整等。真空OLTC 免维护的操作次数可高达600000次,维护工作可降至最低限度,大幅提升了换流变压器的可靠性和可用率。通过优化 OLTC额定容量可以节省开关的体积和重量,有助于开发超高压直流换流变压器。
关键调:有载分接开关;真空开关管;真空断流器;高压直流;变压器;换流变压器
ApplicationofVacuumOn-LoadTap-ChangersinHVDCConverterTransformers
SHEN Dazhong,Axel Kraemer,Dieter Dohnal
(Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH,Falkensteinstr.8,93059Regensburg,Germany)
Abstract: On-load tap-changers (OLTCs) are indispensable components in modem converter transformers for HVDC transmission lines., They compensate the system voltage variation, optimize the control angle of converter valves and realize the operation with reduced DC voltage. But the non-sinusoidal current waveshape with the high rate of rise during tap-change operation augments the switching duties and leads to an over sizing of the OLTC, and the frequent tap-change operations result in high maintenance demand The switching condition of OLTCs in converter transformers is compared to that of power transformers in this paper. The introduction of vacum switching technology in OLTCs provides, besides the elimination of oil contamination, the unique advantage for heavy switching duties as that in converter transformers for HVDC applications. The rating of the OLTC can be adjusted optimally to the service duties. Since this new OLTC technique is maintenance-free up to 300,000 operations, the maintenance work can be reduced to a minimum. The reliability and the availability of converter transformers are therefore considerably improved. The sparing in volume
and weight through the optimized rating of OLTCs makes a contribution to the future effort in ultra HVDC development. Key words: on-load tap-changer; vacuum switching; vaccum interrupter; HVDC; transformer; converter transformer
有载分接开关是高压直流系统中很重要的设备,可以改变绕组的匝数比,补偿电网电压的变化,根据系统功率因素,对控制角进行优化。有载分接开关可以改变变压器变比,使高压直流系统降压运行。为了满足高压直流系统中输送电压和输送功率的要求,换流变压器的调压范用需要设计得很大。
高压直流换流变压器阀侧的非正弦波形负荷电流可以影响到线路侧,即有载分接开关所在位置。该电流会大大提高电流过零时电流的上升速度(di/dt)。di/dt受变压器短路阻抗和平波电抗约束,但远高于50Hz或60Hz的交流电流的上升速度。因此,换流变压器用有载分接开关的切换负荷要高
万方数据
于常规电力变压器用有载分接开关。为了与换流变压器中较高的切换负荷相匹配,有载分接开关必须
加大设计容量。 1换流变压器
作为换流站的重要设施之一,换流变压器制造技术复杂,成本高昂,位于交流和直流系统转换界面处,决定着整个系统可靠性和可用率的高低。跟常规电力变压器相比,换流变压器的机械和电气设计有特殊性。如短路阻抗高,谐波高,电流波形特殊,调压范围大及直流测试电压等。
12脉冲系统的连接如图1所示"。一部分阀侧