第43卷第1期 Vol. 43No.1
综述
假压技术
FORGING & STAMPING TECHNOLOGY 空心轴成形技术研究现状
杨程2，路星星1，孙跃3，庄晓伟3，王玲3
2018年1月 Jan.2018
（1.西安建筑科技大学冶金工程学院，陕西西安710055；2.西安交通大学机械工程学院，陕西西安710049；
3.江苏龙城精锻有限公司，江苏常州213164）
摘要：比较了空心轴和实心轴的抗弯和抗扭截面系数，发现相同外径的空心轴和实心轴在传递扭矩、弯矩和弯扭复合的功能时差别不大，但空心轴能大幅降低轴的重量，故空心轴的应用受到了越来越多的重视，急需解决空心轴的成形间题。对空心轴的成形方法做了归纳总结，简要分析了银造+机加工、径向锻造、旋转锻造、挤压或挤压+机加工、模横轧、强力旋压、旋转压缩、内高压成形、横轧+轴向穿孔、注射造、静液挤压+内高压成形等的原理和特点，并对几种常用成形方法在坏料形式、成形温度、润滑、成形道次、尺寸精度、表面质量和成形周期等方面进行了比较。未来对空心轴的需求会越来越多，成形方法也将向高效、精密、柔性的方向发展。
关键词：空心轴；实心轴；轻量化；径向锻造；旋转锻造；挤压 DOI: 10. 13330/j. issn. 1000-3940. 2018. 01. 001
中图分类号：TG306
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-3940（2018）01-0001-08
Researchstatusonformingtechnologyforhollowshaft Yang Cheng'.2, Lu Xingxing', Sun Yue', Zhuang Xiaowei, Wang Ling
(1. School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an 710055, China ;
2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; 3. Jiangsu Longcheng Precision Forging Co. , Lid. , Changzhou 213164, China)
Abstract : The section moduli of bending resistance and torsion resistance for hollow shaft and solid shaft were compared, and there wa little difference in transmission of torsion, bending moment and bending-torsion between hollow shaft and solid shaft with the same external diameter. However, the weight of hollow shaft could reduce a lot. Thus, the application of hollow shaft was increased more and more, and the problems of hollow shaft forming were urgent to be solved. Then, the forming technologies of hollow shaft were concluded and summa rized, and the principles and characteristics of forging + machining, radial forging, rotary forging, extrusion or extrusion + machining. cross wedge rolling, power spinning, rotary compression, intemal high pressure forming, cross rolling + axial piercing, injection forging and hydrostatic extrusion + intemal high pressure forming were briefly analyzed. Furthermore, the commonly used methods were compared from the folloning aspexts of blank fom, foming tempenature, lubrication, foming pass, dimensional accuracy, surface quality and fomng ey-
cle. In the future, there is an increasing need for hollow shaft, and the foming method wll be more effective, precise and flexible Key words : hollow shaft; solid shaft ; lightweight; radial forging; rotary forging; extrusion
轴是组成机械的重要零件之一，各类做回转运动的传动零件都是通过轴来支承传动零件、传递运动和动力的。按照轴所受载荷的不同，可将轴分为：只承受弯矩、不传递扭矩的心轴，如高铁的轮轴；只传递扭矩、不承受弯矩的传动轴，如汽车的传动轴；既
收稿日期：20170714；修订日期：20170929
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（51335009）；陕西省教育厅专项（16JK1462）；陕西省耐磨材料工程技术研究中心专项(2016NMZX07)
靠查筒介：杨程（1976-），男，博土，副教投万方要
E-mail: yang, cheng@ stu. xjtu. edu. en
传递扭矩又承受弯矩的转轴，如汽车变速箱轴1-2]
随着国家节能减排政策的日趋严格和经济可持续发展的要求，生产资源节约型、环境友好型的产品是工业界的必然选择。其中，节材和降耗等对轻量化的需求越来越多，比如汽车的轻量化，可在制造阶段减少材料消耗，在应用阶段减少能源和排放，同时拥有更好的负载和操控性。
与实心轴相比，在保证使用要求的情况下，空心轴拥有以下优点：（1）减少材料消耗、降低轴的重量；（2）对于高转速的零件，空心轴的转动惯量小：（3）减少振动。对交通工具如汽车、高