
第42卷第8期 Vol. 42 No. 8
假压技木
FORGING &STAMPING TECHNOLOGY
单拐曲轴多向挤压模具的设计与优化
刘丽英,石一磐,徐春国,陈钰金,郑建,张亚
(北京机电研究所,北京100083)
2017年8月 Aug.2017
摘要:单拐曲轴多向挤压成形较传统生产方式大大缩短了工艺流程,实现了单拐曲轴的全流线成形,且批量生产对其模具设计也提出了更高的要求,针对单拐曲轴多向挤压工艺模具的特点,从模具的服役环境出发,对多向模具结构中肇块部分进行““ 行了较深人的分析和对比。研究结果表明:采用镶块方式设计模具其有可行性,“宽肇块”模具结构具有较高强度和刚度:实验中牵镶块易出现“折痕”缺陷,而采用宽镶块结构有效避免了该类缺陷。肇块结构有助于降低单拐曲轴模具制造成本和提高产品质量。
关键词:单拐曲轴;多向挤压;镶块设计;肇块分模面;模具设计 DOI: 10. 13330/j. issn. 1000-3940. 2017. 08. 025
中图分类号:TG316.3
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1000-3940(2017)08-0129-06
Design and optimization on multiple direction extrusion die for single throw crankshaft
Liu Liying,Shi Yiqing,Xu Chunguo, Chen Yujin,Zheng Jian, Zhang Ya( Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical & Electrical Technology, Beijing 100083, China)
Abstract: Multidirectional extrusion of single-throw crankshaft shortens the process greatly and realizes the whole streamline forming com-paring with the traditional production method. At the same time, the new technology has also put forward higher requirements on die design in the mass production. According to the characteristics of the multidirectional extrusion die of single-throw crankshaft, the insert of multidirectional die was analyzed and optimized from the perspective of die service environment. Then, " thin insert" and " thick insert* were designed by different locations of the insert parting surface, and then analysis and comparison were carried out deeply by numerical simulation and experimental verification. The results show that the die designed with an insert is feasible. However, the die with thick in sert has higher strength and rigidity, and folding can be avoided effectively. But the die with thin insert is easy to appear folding in the experiment. Thus, the die with an insert has important guiding significance to decrease the production cost of single-throw crankshaft and improve the product quality
Key words : single throw crankshaft; multiple direction extrusion; insert design; insert parting surface; die design
单拐曲轴是动力机械中重要的传动构件,主要应用于农用机械、小型动力机械、园林机械等设备,实现动力的输出。曲轴在工作过程中受连杆传递的压力、惯性力及惯性力矩的作用,且承受交变载荷,因此,要求曲轴具有足够的刚度和疲劳强度以及良好的冲击性能。目前,国内外单拐曲轴主要生产商仍采用预锻、终锻、切边等一系列工序进行生产[1],该工艺材料利用率低,材料浪费达30%,综合成本较高。然而,单拐曲轴多向挤压工艺是近年来新兴的成形方法,该工艺采用模横轧预制坏实现
收稿日期:20170313;修订日期:20170523 作者简介:刘丽英(1991-),女,硕士,助理工程师
E-mail:516542395@ q9:com 万方数据
坏料的高效精确成形,采用弯曲工艺实现轴颈材料的转移,采用闭式双向挤压工序实现最终锻件形状的成形,该成套工艺具有易于实现自动化、产品精度高、材料利用率高等明显的技术经济优势和良好的应用前景。
单拐曲轴多向挤压成形工艺
单拐曲轴可分为主轴颈、连杆颈、平衡块3个组成部分,如图1所示。主轴颈主要用来支撑曲轴,连杆颈用来安装连杆的大头一端,是将活塞的往复运动转化为循环旋转运动,连杆颈通常被制成中空,目的是为了减轻曲拐旋转部分的质量,以减小离心力;平衡块的作用是平衡曲轴的离心力和离心力矩。