
第42卷第4期 Vol. 42No. 4
假压技术
FORGING & STAMPING TECHNOLOGY
2A12硬铝合金热拉伸流变行为及本构建模
李先梦,湛利华,申儒林,郭亮(中南大学机电工程学院,湖南长沙410083)
2017年4月 Apr.2017
摘要:在变形温度350-500℃、应变速率0.01-1s-条件下,利用Gleeble-3500热模拟实验机对2A12硬铝合金板进行热拉伸实验。结果表明:峰值应力随温度升高而减小,随应变速率提高而增大;随着应变速率减小,断裂总伸长率升高,而均匀伸长率降低;应变速率较低时,其断裂总伸长率在350-450℃时较高,升高到500℃时迅速降低,均勾伸长率则对温度变化不敏感;应变速率较高时,试样断裂总伸长率对温度变化不敏感,均勾伸长率随温度升高面降低。根据实验结果,采用Z参数建立的流变应力本构模型,能较好地描述2A12铝合金板材热拉伸变形下的流变行为。
关键词:2A12硬铝合金:峰值应力:断裂总伸长率;均勾伸长率;本构模型 DOI: 10. 13330/j. issn. 1000-3940. 2017. 04. 028
中图分类号:TG146.2
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1000-3940(2017)04-0159-07
Hottensileflowbehaviorandconstitutivemodelofaluminumalloy2Ai2
Li Xianmeng, Zhan Lihua, Shen Rulin, Guo Liang
( College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha 410083, China)
Abstract: Under the condition of deformation temperature of 350 500 C and strain rate of 0. 01 1 s-', the hot tensile test of 2A12 aluminum alloy sheet was carried out by Gleeble 3500 thermal simulation machine. The results show that the peak stress decreases with the increase of deformation temperature and increases with the increase of strain rale. However, with the decrease of strain rate, the total elongation of fracture increases, but the uniform elongation decreases. Furthermore, when the strain rate is low, the total elongation of fracture is higher at 350 500 °C , then declines rapidly at 500 °C , but the uniform elongation of fracture is not sensitive to temperature change. When the strain rate is high, the total elongation of fracture is not sensitive to temperature change, and the uniforn elongation de creases with the increase of temperature. According to the experimental results, a flow stres constitutive model using Z parameler is es-
tablished, and the flow behavior of 2A12 aluminum alloy sheet under hot tensile deformation can be better represented. Key words : aluminum alloy 2A12; peak stress; total elongation of fracture; uniform elongation; constitutive model
2A12硬铝合金属于Al-Cu-Mg系合金,通过固溶与时效热处理能使合金性能获得显著强化"。该铝合金主要应用于航空、航天、雷达等工业部门,如飞机的蒙皮、骨架、隔框、肋梁等高强度结构件[2]。由于航空航天构件的结构复杂,采用传统的室温成形方法工艺难度大、效率低、精度较低,而研究2A12硬铝合金的热流变行为则有助于了解其
收稿日期:20161116;修订日期:20170115
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(51235010);期南省自间,草中:(600)目项目(2015CX002);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20120162110003)
作者简介:李先梦(1991-),男,硕士研究生 E-mail: Ixm410922@ qq. com
通讯作者:湛利华(1976-),女,博士,教授
E-mail: yjs-cast@ csu. edu. cn 万方数据
热成形过程的演变机制,对复杂零部件的精确成形具有重要的指导意义。为了克服铝合金在室温下成形易产生开裂等问题,林建国等提出热冲压成形冷模具淬火工艺(HFQ),通过采用该工艺,能够极大地提高材料的塑性,减小其流变应力,实现铝合金复杂零部件的精确成形[3]。已知2A12硬铝合金的流变行为不仅与其内部组织结构有关,还受外部加载条件,如加载温度、应变速率等的影响4]。通过研究不同变形温度、应变速率条件下的流动应力变化和变形特性,构建了基于热成形物理机理的材料本构关系模型,从而为零件热成形中工艺参数的制定和优化提供可靠的依据。
本文通过Gleeble-3500热模拟实验机对2A12 硬铝合金板材进行热拉伸实验,研究了变形温度与应变速率对热成形过程中流变应力和伸长率的影响规律,建立并验证了其在高温塑性成形下的稳态流