第42卷第4期 Vol. 42No. 4
综述
假压技术
FORGING & STAMPING TECHNOLOGY
型材数控拉弯装备技术研究进展
李小强，杨永真，李东升，金朝海（北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院，北京100191）
2017年4月 Apr.2017
摘要：型材拉弯在飞机、车辆生产中的应用越来越多，但国内对数控拉弯装备的研制远远落后于国外。为了提高国内数控拉弯装备的研究水平，对国内外相关装备技术进行了研究总结。从拉弯基本原理、热拉弯蜡变原理以及多维拉弯原理等3个方面介绍了型材拉弯工艺，然后根据不同的结构形式对拉弯机床进行分类并介绍了相应的典型机床，对拉弯机床数控系统的发展做了分析研究，并介绍了国内外拉弯工艺设计与仿真系统。针对热拉弯蟠变成形工装、多维拉弯装备、自动化装置等，对
装备的开发提供借鉴
关键词：型材拉弯装备：数控系统：热拉弯蜻变：多维拉弯；自动化 DOI: 10. 13330/j. issn. 1000-3940. 2017. 04. 001
中图分类号：TG305
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-3940（2017）04-0001-08
Research progress on profile CNC stretch bending equipment
Li Xiaoqiang, Yang Yongzhen, Li Dongsheng, Jin Chaohai
( School of Mechanical Engineering & Autonation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 , China)
Abstract: The profile stretch bending is widely used in the production of aircraft and vehicles, but the development of CNC stretch ben-ding machine in China is far behind foreign countries. In order to improve the research level of domestic CNC stretch bending equipment, the domestic and foreign related equipment technologies were summarized. The profile stretch bending was introduced from the basic prin-ciple, hot stretch bending and creep principle and multidimensional bending principle. According to the different structures, the stretch bending machines were classified, and the coresponding typical machines were introduced. The numerical control system of the stretch bending machine was studied, and the domestic process design and simulation system were introduced. The domestic and foreign related equipments of hot strelch bending and creep machine, multidimensional stretch bending machine and automation equipment were also briefly introduced. Finally, the development trend and research direction of CNC stretch bending equipment were presented. The above researches and analyses were aimed at providing reference for the development of domestic CNC stretch bending equipment.
Key words : profile stretch bending machine; mumerical control system; hot stretch bending and creep; multidimensional bending; autonation
型材拉弯是指通过模具和机床夹钳的相对运动，使型材在拉力和弯矩作用下产生塑性变形，与模具逐渐贴合并获得所需形状零件的成形工艺。在航空工业中，主要应用于飞机框肋缘条、长等大尺寸的型材弯曲件，是组成飞机骨架的关键零件。在汽车和高铁生产中，主要应用于车身结构和保险杠。
收稿日期：20161014；修订日期：20161230 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（51175022）作者简介：李小强（1979－），男，博士，副教授 E-mail: lixiaoqiang@ buaa edu. cn
通讯作者：杨水真（1991-），男，预士研究生
E-mail:mryangyx@ foxmail. com 万方数据
随着现代制造业的发展以及对型材零件日益复杂的需求，传统的手动或半自动拉弯机床已经远远不能满足型材拉弯工艺需求，国外ACB、CyrilBath 等公司已经研发出先进的数控拉弯装备，而国内的相关研发较为落后，依赖进口，所以，对数控拉弯机床进行研究和开发势在必行[2]。
在常温下，一些难变形的材料比如钛合金由于较高的届服强度和较低的弹性模量导致成形困难、回弹量大[3]，因此需要采用加热成形。结合蜻变原理，开发钛合金热拉弯工艺与工装，可实现钛合金的良好成形。
以往型材主要以二维为主，随着汽车、高铁以及飞机的外形设计趋于复杂化，作为骨架的空间结构件也朝着复杂多维方向发展，用以提高气动性