
第5期 2016年5月
组合机床与自动化加工技术
Modular Machine Tool & Automatic Manufacturing Technique
文章编号:10012265(2016)05001304
D0I:10.13462/j. cnki.mmtamt.2016.05.004
No.5 May2016
FV520B钢等离子喷焊组织性能及残余应力分析
宋守许,部子超,柯庆镝,汪伟
(合肥工业大学机械与汽车工程学院,合肥230009)
摘要:针对残余应力及组织性能对再制造修复叶轮的影响,运用等离子喷焊技术,在叶轮材料 FV520B基体上进行喷焊试验,通过金相显微镜观测其组织形貌,采用X射线应力分析仪测试喷焊层表面的残余应力和厚度方向的应力梯度。结果表明:喷焊层界面组织成分分布均匀,没有明显缺陷;拉应力出现在工件热影响区边界、结合层及工件背面,最大拉应力分布在热影响区边界处。以工件表面热影响区边界处残余应力为指标,采用正交试验法对等离子喷焊工艺参数进行优化,最终减小了喷焊后的表面残余拉应力。
关键词:等离子喷焊;组织性能;残余应力;热影响区
中图分类号:TH162;TG506
文献标识码:A
Analyses of MicrostructurePerformance and Residual Stress ofFV520BSteel
withPlasmaSprayWelding
SONG Shou-xu, YAN Zi-chao, KE Qing-di, WANG Wei
( School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China) Abstract: According to residual stress and microstructure performance work on remanufactured Impeller spray welding experiment was carried out on the impeller material FV520B by Plasma Spray Welding tech-nology. The microstructure and morphology was observed by metallographic microscope, the residual stress of the workpiece surface and the stress gradient of thickness direction was tested by XRD. The results testify that the component of organization is uniform between spray welding coating and matrix, and which has no obvious defects. The tensile stress appears in the heat affected zone boundaries, bonding layer and the back of the workpiece. The maximum tensile stress distributes in the heat affected zone boundaries. The surface residual stress in heat affected zone boundaries were taken as indexes, the orthogonal test was used to opti-mized the plasma spray welding process parameters. Eventually, the tensile stress of the spray welding sur-face was reduced.
Key words: plasma spray welding; microstructure performance; residual stress; heat affect zone
0引言
叶轮是大型离心压缩机高速转子的核心部件,不仅在高速高温高压环境下承受离心力、激振力、气动力等循环交变载荷作用,而且在压缩介质含有微小固体颗粒及腐蚀物质环境下服役,故叶轮失效的频率较高,其中叶片是最容易失效的零件[1-2]。叶轮的失效形式主要有叶片表面出现腐蚀凹坑引发的偏转,叶片出现掉块的体积损伤,高低周疲劳的损坏等[3]
近年来,随着表面技术的发展,对叶轮实施表面强
化处理,大幅度提高零件性能,延长零件服役寿命已成为可能。徐健等14针对叶片的磨损采用堆焊技术增加了叶片叶冠间的耐磨性;范毅等13]采用超音速火焰喷
收稿日期:2015-06-26;修回日期:2015-07-23
*基金项目:国家九七三"重点基础研究项目(2011CB013406)
涂WC/12Co涂层增加了叶片抗冲蚀能力:任维彬等[6 通过量化分析激光再制造成形过程,实现了体积损伤叶片模拟件激光再制造成形。
通过对比可以发现,堆焊和熔覆的涂层与基体形成致密的冶金结合[],结合强度高,适用于在复杂环境服役条件下叶轮的修复。但堆焊成形精度不高,后续加工量较大6];而激光熔覆可以实现厚度小、成型精度高的要求,但确定其工艺参数复杂麻烦,成本比较高["]。常用的冶金结合技术还有喷焊,目前针对喷焊在叶轮再制造中的应用还比较少[9]。与堆焊相比,喷焊比较适合薄壁的零件修复,成型精度高于堆焊;与激光熔覆相比,喷焊对基体的热影响及性能影响比较大,但其加工效率高、成本低,能够实现快速成批的修复[10-12]。
作者简介:宋守许(1964一),男,安徽安庆人,合肥工业大学教授,博士,研究方向为可持续制造,机电产品再资源化,(E-mail)shouxus@163
com。