Industry Standards of the People’s Republic of China
中华人民共和国行业标准
Specifications for Design of Foundation of
Highway Bridges and Culverts
公路桥涵地基与基础设计规范
(英文版)
JTG 3363—2019(EN)
Chief editing organization for Chinese version:CCCC Highway Consultants Co. , Ltd.
Chief editing organization for English version:Fuzhou University
Issuing authority:Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China
Effective date:April 1, 2020
i
英文版编译出版说明
　 　 标准是人类文明进步的成果,是世界通用的技术语言,促进世界的互联互
通。 近年来,中国政府大力开展标准化工作,通过标准驱动创新、协调、绿色、
开放、共享的共同发展。 在丝绸之路经济带与 21 世纪海上丝绸之路,即“一
带一路”倡议的指引下,为适应日益增长的全球交通运输发展的需求,增进世
界连接,促进知识传播与经验分享,中华人民共和国交通运输部组织编译并发
布了一系列中国公路行业标准外文版。
中华人民共和国交通运输部发布的公路工程行业标准代号为 JTG,体系
范围涵盖公路工程从规划建设到养护和运营管理全过程所需要的设施、技术、
管理与服务标准,也包括相关的安全、环保和经济方面的评价等标准。
标准
ii
中国政府历来高度重视交通基础设施建设,不断完善公路基础设施设计
相关的标准规范。 二十世纪 八 十 年 代, 中 国 在 原 《 公 路 工 程 技 术 标 准》
(JTJ01—81)基础上,开始制订公路路线、路基、路面、桥梁、涵洞等专业技术规
范,并在 1985 年颁布实施了第一部《公路桥涵地基与基础设计规范》 ( JTJ
024—85),用于规范公路桥梁和涵洞的地基与基础设计。 尔后,又经历了
2007 年的第一次修订(JTG D63—2007)和 2019 年的第二次修订(JTG 3363—
2019)。 经过四十多年的技术发展,现已建立了内容较为完整的公路桥梁和
涵洞的地基与基础设计体系。
本次编译的《公路桥涵地基与基础设计规范》 (JTG 3363—2019) 中文版
于 2019 年 12 月修订发布,并于 2020 年 4 月 1 日实施。
到 2023 年底,中国公路通车总里程已超 540 万公里,其中高速公路通车
总里程超 18 万公里。 公路桥梁总计已达 107 万座,其中特大桥 1 万余座。
《公路桥涵地基与基础设计规范》(以下简称《规范》)一直是我国公路桥涵方
面的强制性技术标准,对中国公路工程建设质量提供了重要保障。 本规范在
修订过程中开展了多项专题研究和调研工作,吸取了国内有关科研院所、高
校、设计、检测等单位的研究成果和实际工程经验。
这些成果与经验在《公路桥涵地基与基础设计规范》 (JTG 3363—2019)
中得到了充分的体现。 本英文版的编译发布便是希望将中国的工程经验和技
术成果与各国同行进行交流分享,为其他国家的公路建设提供参考借鉴。
本英文版的编译工作由中华人民共和国交通运输部委托福州大学主持完
成,并由中华人民共和国交通运输部公路局组织审定。
本英文版标准的内容与现行中文版一致,如出现异议时,以中文版为准。
感谢中文版主编袁洪先生在本英文版编译与审定期间给予的指导与
支持。
如在执行过程中发现问题或有任何修改建议,请函告英文版主编单位
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(地址: 福 州 市 大 学 城 新 区 学 园 路 2 号, 邮 政 编 码: 350116, 电 子 邮 箱:
baochuncheng@ fzu. edu. cn),以便修订时研用。
英文版主编单位: 福州大学
英文版主编:陈宝春
英文版参编人员:黄福云,Ahad Javanmardi,徐普,张冬,罗小烨,李岚
英文版主审: Khaled Sennah
参审人员: 张慧彧,夏勇,姚海东,董延峰,袁洪,伍隋文,Shrestha Krishna,
Alessandro Contento
标准
The People’s Republic of China
Ministry of Transport
Public Notice
No.91
Public Notice on Issuing the Specifications for Design of Foundation of
Highway Bridges and Culverts
The Specifications for Design of Foundation of Highway Bridges and Culverts ( JTG 3363—
2019) is hereby issued as one of the industry standards for highway engineering, to become
effective on April 1, 2020. The former edition of the Specifications (JTG D63—2007) and its
English version ( JTG D63—2007 EN) named as Code for Design of Ground Base and
Foundation of Highway Bridges and Culverts shall be superseded from the same date.
The general administration and final interpretation of the Specifications for Design of
Foundation of Highway Bridges and Culverts ( JTG 3363—2019 ) belong to Ministry of
Transport, while the particular interpretation for application and routine administration of the
Specifications shall be provided by the CCCC Highway Consultants Co. , Ltd.
Comments, suggestions and inquiries are welcome and should be addressed to CCCC Highway
Consultants Co. , Ltd. ( No. 85, Deshengmenwai Street, Beijing 100088, China ). The
feedbacks will be considered in future revisions.
It is hereby announced.
Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China
December 17, 2019
　
　 General Office of Ministry of Transport　 　
Printed on December 19, 2019
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Introduction to English Version
Standards reflect the achievement of civilization, provide common languages for
technical communications and improve global connectivity. In recent years, the
Chinese government has been proactively implementing standardization to stimulate
innovative, coordinated, greenness and opening up for shared development in
China and worldwide. To align with the Belt and Road Initiative for mutual
development, the Ministry of Transport of the People ’ s Republic of China
organized the compilation and publication of international version of Chinese
transportation industry standards and specifications to meet the increasing demands
for international cooperation in transportation, enhance global connectivity,
promote knowledge dissemination and sharing of experience.
JTG is the designation referring to the standards and specifications of the highway
transportation industry, issued by the Ministry of Transport of the People’ s
Republic of China. Item compasses the entire lifecycle of highway engineering
projects,
from
planning
and
construction
to
maintenance
and
operation
management. It includes standards for the facilities, technologies, management,
and services required throughout these processes, as well as standards related to
safety, environmental protection, and economic evaluation.
In the highway standard system, it includes a number of standards for design,
construction and maintenance of bridges, which have effectively supported the
rapid development of highway bridges in China. The current bridge design
specifications include: General Specifications for Design of Highway Bridges and
Culverts, Specifications for Design of Highway Reinforced Concrete and Prestressed
Concrete Bridges and Culverts, Code for Design of Highway Masonry Bridges and
Culverts, Specifications for Design of Highway Cable-stayed Bridge, Specifications
for Design of Highway Suspension Bridge, Specifications for Design of Highway
Concrete-filled Steel Tubular Arch Bridges, Specifications for Design of Highway
Precast Concrete Bridges, Wind-resistant Design Specification for Highway Bridges,
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Specifications for Collision Design of Highway Bridges, Specifications for Landscape
Design of Highway Bridges, etc. As of the end of 2022, 1. 033 million highway
bridges with the total length of 85. 765 million meters have been built in China,
among which concrete bridges account for more than 90% .
In the 1980s, following the publication of the principal standard,JTJ 01—81:
Technical Standards for Highway Engineering, a series of professional and
vocational specifications were drafted and developed. These specifications involve
in highway geometry, subgrade, pavement, bridges and culverts. The first
edition of the standards of Specifications for Design of Foundation of Highway
Bridges and Culverts (JTJ 024—85) was issued and implemented for design of
foundation of highway bridges and culverts in 1985, followed by a first revision
and second revision in 2007 (JTG D63—2007) and 2019 (JTG 3363—2019)
respectively. For over four decades of technical development and continuous
improvement, these Standards have effectively and successively served as
guidelines for the design of highway bridges and culverts.
The Chinese version of Specifications for Design of Foundation of Highway
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Bridges and Culverts was issued in December 2019 and has been implemented
since April 1, 2020.
By the end of 2023, the total length of highways being operated in China about
5. 10 million kilometers, of which the length of 180 thousand kilometers is for
freeways. The Specifications for Design of Foundation of Highway Bridges and
Culverts has always been a technical mandatory standard for construction of
highway bridges and culverts, playing an important role in quality assurance of
highway engineering construction.
During the revision, the editorial team conducted extensive special studies and
investigations, reviewed
the
updated
technical
development
and
practical
engineering experiences from research institutions, academies, design, and
detection departments in China, and referred to relevant standards in China and
other countries.
All these experiences and achievements have been incorporated and summarized
in the Specifications for Design of Foundation of Highway Bridges and Culverts.
The release of the English version of the Specifications aims to share with
international professionals the engineering experience and technical achievements
from China, to offer reference for highway construction in other countries.
The editing of the English version was conducted by Fuzhou University under the
authorization of the Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China and
approved by the Highway Department, the Ministry of Transport of the People’s
Republic of China.
The contents and numbering of the chapters, sections, clauses and sub-clauses in
the English version are consistent with those in the Chinese version. In the event
of any ambiguity or discrepancy between the English version and the Chinese
version of the Specifications, the Chinese version shall prevail.
Gratitude is given here to Mr. Yuan Hong, the chief editor of the Chinese
version, for the valuable guidance and comments during the review of the
English version.
Feedbacks are welcome and will be taken into account in future editions. Please
address them to the editing organization for English version in writing (Address:
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iv
No. 2, Wulongjiang North Avenue, Fuzhou University Town, Fuzhou, Fujian,
China, Postal Code: 350108, E-mail: baochunchen@ fzu. edu. cn).
Editing organization in charge for English version: Fuzhou University
Chief editor for English version:Chen Baochun
Associate editors for English version:
Huang Fuyun, Ahad Javanmardi, Xu Pu, Zhang Dong, Luo Xiaoye, Li Lan
Chief review editor for English version:Khaled Sennah
Associate review editors for English version:
Zhang Huiyu, Xia Yong, Yao Haidong, Dong Yanfeng, Yuan Hong,
Wu Suiwen, Shrestha Krishna, Alessandro Contento
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Foreword to Chinese Version
The revision of the Code for the Design of Ground Base and Foundation of Highway
Bridges and Culverts (JTG D63—2007), pursuant to the “Notice of Planning for
Compilation and Amendment Program of Highway Engineering Standards in 2015”
(No. 312) issued by the Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China in
2015 was carried out by the chief editing organization of CCCC Highway
Consultants Co. , Ltd. The revision has been approved and issued as Specifications
for Design of Foundation of Highway Bridges and Culverts (JTG 3363—2019) for
implementation.
During therevision, the editorial team conducted extensive special studies and
investigations, reviewed the updated technical development and design experience
in China, and referred to the relevant domestic and international standards. Upon
the completion of the first draft of the Specifications, the draft specification was
circulated for comments from relevant experts and organizations involved in
design, construction, maintenance, and administration, based on which several
rounds of discussion, consultation, and updating were conducted before being
finalized for approval.
This revised Specifications comprises 9 Chapters and 18 Appendixes. The content
mainly includes: 1-General Provisions, 2-Terms and Symbols, 3-Basic Rules, 4-
Geotechnical Classification, Engineering Characteristics and Bearing Capacity of
Grounds, 5-Shallow Foundations, 6-Pile Foundations, 7- Caisson Foundations, 8-
Underground Diaphragm Walls, 9-Special Grounds and Foundations.
The main revisions in thisversion include: addition of the stipulations on the
calculation for the composite piles of concrete-filled steel tube; revision of the
calculation formula on rock-socketed depth for the rock-socketed piles; revision of
the relevant technical provisions on the treatment for soft soil were revised;
supplementary requirements for design of the piles in the collapsible loess;
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additional requirements for design of foundations in steep slopes and karst zone;
supplementary provisions for the relevant design on the piles with expanded
branches and plates.
Feedbacks are welcome and will be taken into account in future editions. Please
address them to the chief editing organization for Chinese version ( Li Xiaoti,
Address: No. 85, Deshengmenwai Street, Beijing, CCCC Highway Consultants
Co. , Ltd. , Postal Code:100088; Tel: + 86-010-82017041, Email: sssohpdi@
163. com).
Editing organization in charge for Chinese version:
CCCC Highway Consultants Co., Ltd.
Associate editing organizations for Chinese version:
Hunan University
Southeast University
CCCC Highway Bridges National Engineering Research Centre, Ltd.
Beijing Piles with Expanded Branches and Plates Technology Development
Center
Chief Editor for Chinese version:Yuan Hong
Associate Editors for Chinese version:
Zhao Junli　 　 　 Gong Weiming　 　 Zhao Minghua　 　 Liu Minghu
Liu Xiaoming
Dai Guoliang
Liu Xiaodi
Li Huichi
Guo Chao
Li Wenjie
Fu Baiyong
Participating editors forChinese version:
Feng Min　 Wu Du　 Zhang Guoliang　 Yi Shaoping
Chief review editor for Chinese version:Peng Yuancheng
Other review editors for Chinese version:
Wang Shixun　
Hang Dazhang　 Bao Yiwei　
Tian Keping　
Li Lixin
Zhong Mingquan Xi Guangheng
Li Youlong
Xie Yongli
Liang Zhitao
Liang Linong
Xu Hongguang
Zhan Jianhui Ma Jianzhong
Zhu Jungao
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Contents
Page
1　 General Provisions
1
2　 Terms and Symbols
2
2. 1　 Terms
2
2. 2　 Symbols
4
3　 General Rules
8
4　 Geotechnical Classifications, Engineering Characteristics and Bearing
Capacity of Grounds
11
4. 1　 Geotechnical Classification of Grounds
11
4. 2　 Engineering Characteristics
16
4. 3　 Bearing Capacity of Grounds
17
5　 Shallow Foundations
24
5. 1　 Bearing Depth
24
5. 2　 Check for Ground Bearing Capacity and Eccentricity
of Foundation Base
27
5. 3　 Check for Settlement
31
5. 4　 Check for Stability
34
6　 Pile Foundations
37
6. 1　 General
37
6. 2　 Detailing Requirements
39
6. 3　 Analysis
45
7　 Caisson Foundations
55
7. 1　 General
55
7. 2　 Detailing Requirements
56
7. 3　 Analysis
58
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Page
8　 Underground Diaphragm Walls
62
8. 1　 General
62
8. 2　 Retaining Structures
63
8. 3　 Foundations
69
9　 Special Grounds and Foundations
72
9. 1　 Soft Grounds
72
9. 2　 Collapsible Loess Grounds
77
9. 3　 Steep Slope Grounds and Foundations
81
9. 4　 Karst Grounds and Foundations
83
9. 5　 Foundation of Piles with Expanded Branches and Plates
85
Appendix A　 Geotechnical Classification of Grounds in
Bridges and Culverts
89
Appendix B　 Essentials for Shallow Plate Loading Test
93
Appendix C　 Essentials for Deep Plate Loading Test
96
Appendix D　 Essentials for Loading Test on Rock Foundation
98
Appendix E　 Nominal Frost Depth Diagram and Behavior
Classifications of Frozen Soil
100
Appendix F　 Calculations of Superimposed Vertical Compressive
Stress on Abutment Foundation Base or Pile Tip Plane
Caused by the Fills behind the Abutment
104
Appendix G　 Calculation of Stress Redistribution of Rock
Foundations with Rectangular Sections under Biaxial
Eccentric Compressions or with Circular Sections
under Eccentric Compressions
107
Appendix H　 Check for Stability against Frozen Uplift
for Frozen Soil Ground
110
Appendix J　 Superimposed Compressive Stress Coefficient α, Average
Superimposed Compressive Stress Coefficient α of
Foundation Bases in Bridges and Culverts
114
Appendix K　 Post-Grouting Technical Parameters of Piles
118
Appendix L　 Calculations of Horizontal Displacement and Action
Effect for Elastic Piles by Using the m Method
120
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Page
Appendix M　 Calculations of Displacement and Action
effect for Rigid Piles
140
Appendix N　 Calculations for Pile Group as a Block Foundation
145
Appendix P　 Calculations for Caisson Walls during Caisson
Sinking Process
148
Appendix Q　 Calculations for Cutting Edges during
Caisson Sinking Process
153
Appendix R　 Calculations for Horizontal Earth Pressure Based on the
Principle of Soil-Retaining Structure Interactions
159
Appendix S　 Calculations for Straight Diaphragm Wall
as Retaining Structures
161
Appendix T　 Calculations for Circular Diaphragm Wall
as Retaining Structures
163
Wording Explanation for the Specifications
167
Background to Provisions
169
　
1　 General Provisions
170
　
2　 Terms and symbols
172
　
3　 GeneralRules
172
　
4　 Geotechnical Classification,Engineering Characteristic and
Bearing Capacity of Ground
175
　
5　 Shallow foundations
184
　
6　 Pile Foundations
196
　
7　 Caisson Foundations
212
　
8　 Underground Diaphragm Walls
217
　
9　 Special Grounds and Foundations
227
　
Appendix B　 Essentials for Shallow Plate loading test
235
　
Appendix H　 Check for Stability against Frozen Uplift for
Frozen Soil Ground
236
　
Appendix L　 Calculations of Horizontal Displacement and Action
Effect for Elastic Piles by Using them Method
240
　
Appendix P　 Calculations of Caisson Wall during Caisson
Sinking Process
243
　
Appendix Q　 Calculations for Cutting Edge during Caisson
Sinking Process
247
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Page
　
Appendix R　 Calculations of Horizontal Earth Pressure Based
on Soil-Retaining Structure Interaction
249
　
Appendix S　 Calculations of Straight Diaphragm Wall
Retaining Structures
251
　
Appendix T　 Calculations for Circular Diaphragm Wall
Retaining Structures
252
Technical Terms in Chinese and English
254
1　 General Provisions
1. 0. 1 　
The Specifications is developed for regulating the design of the foundation of highway
bridges and culverts to ensure the quality of construction projects.
1. 0. 2 　
The Specifications is applicable to the design of foundations of highway bridges and
culverts to be built on all classified highways.
1. 0. 3　
The design of the foundations shall follow the principles of adjusting measures to local
conditions, using local materials, and saving resources.
1. 0. 4　 The type of foundations of highway bridges and culverts shall be reasonably selected based
on geological, topographic, hydrological, and construction conditions, as well as the loads,
materials, and types of superstructures and substructures, etc.
1. 0. 5　 The foundations shall be designed based on the relevant survey data. The survey data shall
accurately reflect the topography, landform, strata, adverse geology, physical and mechanical
properties of rock and soil, underground water, etc.
1. 0. 6 　
Durability design shall be conducted for foundation structures in accordance with the
requirements of the relevant specifications.
1. 0. 7　 In addition to the Specifications, the design of foundations of highway bridges and culverts
shall also comply with the provisions in the current relevant national and industrial standards.
1
标准
2　 Terms and Symbols
2. 1　 Terms
2. 1. 1　 ground
The soil body or rock mass that bears the structural actions.
2. 1. 2　 foundation
Components of substructure that transfer various actions of structure to the ground.
2. 1. 3　 characteristic value of subsoil bearing capacity
The pressure value corresponds to the specified deformation inner the linear segment in the curve of
soil pressure-deformation of ground measured by loading test. It is also known as ‘characteristic
value of ground bearing capacity’.
2. 1. 4　 joint
The crack or fissure without apparent displacement of the rock stratum between the two sides of the
fracture plane of the rock mass.
2. 1. 5　 bearing stratum
The stratum that directly bears the action of the foundation.
2. 1. 6　 underlying stratum
The stratum with a certain depth below the bearing stratum, which is compressed or possibly shear-
damaged.
2. 1. 7　 gravity density
The gravity of rock/ soil per unit volume, which is the product of the density of the rock/ soil
andthe gravitational acceleration, also known as ‘unit density’ or ‘unit weight’.
2