MSS SP-44-2010
Steel Pipeline
Flanges
Standard Practice DevelopedandApprovedbythe ManufacturersStandardizationSocietyofthe Valveand FittingsIndustry,Inc. 127Park Street,NE Vienna,Virginia22180 Phone:(703)281-6613 Fax: (703)281-6671 E-mail:info@mss-hg.org
www.mss-hg.org
CopyrightMSS
loreoroductionorne MSS
STANDARDPRACTICE
SP-44
This MSS Standard Practice was developed under the consensus of the MSS Technical Committee 110 and the MSS Coordinating Committee.The content of this Standard Practice is the result of the efforts of competent and concerned volunteers to provide an effective, clear, and non-exclusive specification that will benefit the industry
as a whole. This MSS Standard Practice is intended as a basis for common practice by the manufacturer, the user, and the general public. The existence of an MsS Standard Practice does not in itself preclude the manufacture,
sale, or use of products not conforming to the Standard Practice.Mandatory conformance is established only by reference in a code,specification,sales contract,or public law,asapplicable. Unless otherwise specifically noted in this MSS SP, any standard referred to herein is identified by the date of issue that was applicable to the referenced standard(s) at the date of issue of this MSS SP. (See Annex D.) In this Standard Practice all notes, annexes, tables, and figures are construed to be essential to the understanding
of the message ofthe standard, and are considered part ofthe text unless noted as"supplemental".All appendices appearing in this document are construed as "supplemental".Supplemental"information does not include mandatory requirements.
This document has been substantially revised from the previous 2006 edition. It is suggested that if the user is interested in knowing what changes have been made, that direct page by page comparison should be made of this
document.
Non-toleranced dimensions in this Standard Practice are nominal and unless otherwise specified, shall be considered “for reference only", The Metric (SI) units and U.S. Customary units in this SP are regarded separately as the standard;each should be used independently of the other.Combining or converting values between the two systems may result in nonconformance with this Standard Practice.
Any part of this Standard Practicemay be guoted.Credit lines should read'Extracted from MSS SP-44-2010, withpermissionof thepublisher,theManufacturers StandardizationSociety.Reproductionprohibited under copyright convention unless written permission is granted by the Manufacturers Standardization Society of the ValveandFittings Industry, Inc.
Originally Approved July, 1952
Copyright,1981,1982,1985,1996,2006,2010by
Manufacturers Standardization Society
ofthe
Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc.
Printed in U.S.A.
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STANDARDPRACTICE
SP-44
FOREWORD
The Manufacturers Standardization Society originally developed this Standard Practice in response to the continued requests for steel pipe flanges for pipeline use, particularly in sizes larger than those covered by ANSI Standard B16.5 on Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings. The line pipe is uniquely characterized by high-strength, cold worked, thin-wall of the carbon steel grade, which necessitates special considerations for the welding end of the flanges.
The size and pressure class range was originally NPS 26 through NPS 36 in pressure classes customarily designated in ANSI Standard B16.5 as 300, 400, 600, and 900 Ib. The 1970 edition deleted the slip-on flanges for lack of demand, and added a 150 Ib. class and coverage for sizes NPS 12 through NPS 24. Additional coverage was also necessitated by the advent of the use of line pipe of grades having minimum specified yield strength higher than the 52,000 psi maximum contemplated at the time of initial development, and therefore still thinner walls.
In some instances, this advent widened the differential between the tensile properties of the flange steel versus that of the mating pipe steel. This, in turn necessitated greater flexibility in the selection of hub dimensions, so that various combinations of material-strength and flange-dimensions could be utilized to supply the flanges. Section 5 on Flange Design was introduced at this point, and is one of the key features of this Standard Practice. The 1972 edition included the coverage of blind flanges in all pressure classes and clarification of text requirements for better understanding and usage under the more diverse conditions. The 1975 edition expanded the size range above size NPS 36. The driling templates for the Class 150 flanges of the
NPS 38 and larger sizes continued the previous philosophy of adopting the drilling template of the Class 125 of ANSl Standard B16.1. However, the drilling templates of the Class 300 flanges of the NPS 38 and larger sizes did not continue
the adoption of the Class 250 of ANSI Standard B16.1 dilling templates, nor did the NPS 38 and larger sizes of Classes 400. 600, and 900 continue the extrapolation of ANSI B16.5 drilling templates; instead, these driling templates were necessarily designed more compactly because of the increased loads. While these flanges are designated by the customary ANSI Standard Class 150, 300. 400, 600, and 900, their use is almost entirely confined to cross country transmission pipelines at atmospheric temperatures. The flanges have been designed primarily for use at their cold ratings which conform to the ANS!
Standard B16.5 ratings of 100°F, and are intended primarily for attachment to relatively thin-wall, high-strength cold worked pipe, and ,high-strength butt-welding fittings in pipeline service at temperatures of 45o°F and lower. However, flanges forged of other materials are capable of pressure temperature ratings as specified in Section 2.1.
The 1980 edition was created to bring the document into closer editorial alignment with ANSI B16.5. However, out of recognition of the successful experience of the pipeline industry, room temperature ratings were extended to 25o°F. De-
rating above 250°F was accelerated such that the 450°F ratings are the same as ANSI B16.5. Users are cautioned that when these flanges are bolted to valves and used at temperatures between 10o°F and 450'F, the rating of the valve willnot be as high as the flange,
The 1990 revision of this SP was required to update the referenced standards list and delete the metric equivalents. The 1991 revision of this SP was required to add blind flange machining guidance, flat face requirements and precautionary notes as wellas update of referenced standards. The 1996 revision adds a table with permissible imperfections in flange facing finish and clarifies Annex A design
criteria. There were several errata, or corrections made to references to other standards. Dimensional tolerances have been changed where necessary to conform to ASMEB16.5 and B16.47.
The 2006 revision was required to add metric equivalent units, notch toughness requirement, new bolting materials and update of reference standards list. This 2010 revision recognized the existence of ASME B16.47 Series A flanges, which adopted MSS SP-44 dimensions
but does not cover the SP-44 high strength materials used in the pipeline industry to match API line pipe of equivalent grades.
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STANDARDPRACTICE
SP-44
TABLEOFCONTENTS
SECTION
PAGE
SCOPE. 2 DENOTATION 3 MATERIALS...
HEAT TREATMENT FLANGEDESIGN..
4 5 6 MARKING... 7 9
F
FACINGS.... CODELIMITATIONS FLANGEBOLTINGDIMENSIONS
9
10 TOLERANCES.. TABLE
Tensile Requirements -(Metric & U.S.Customary)..
1 2 List of Bolting Specifications .... 3
Pressure-TemperatureRatings,Maximum Allowable Working Pressures -(Metric & U.S) Customary.... Sheet Gasket Dimensions - (Metric)
4 5 Ring-Joint Gasket Dimensions - (Metric).. 7
12
A
6 Class 150, 19.6 bar at Atmospheric Temperature Raised Face (Metric)..
D
Class 300, 51.0 bar at Atmospheric Temperature Raised Face and Ring-Type Joint - (Metric) ... 15 Class 400, 68.3 bar at Atmospheric Temperature Raised Face and Ring-Type Joint - (Metric) ... 16
8 9 Class 600, 102.1 bar at Atmospheric Temperature Raised Face and Ring-Type Joint -(Metric).. 17
10 Class 900, 153.1 bar at Atmospheric Temperature Raised Face and Ring-Type Joint (Metric).. 18 11 Permissible Imperfections in Flange Facing Finish - (Metric & U.S. Customary)...
...19
...
FIGURE
Acceptable Design for Unequal Wall Thickness
1 2 Bevei Detail for Wall Thickness (T), 22mm (0.88 in.) or less 3 Bevel Detail for Wall Thickness (T), Greater than 22mm (0.88 in.)
10 11 11
ANNEX A Design Criteria.... B Blind Flange Design Criteria c U. Customary Tables....
.20 21 22 23 24 5
Table C1 - Sheet Gasket Dimensions. Table C2 -Ring Joint Gasket Dimensions... Table C3 -- Class 150, 285 psi at Atmospheric Temperature Raised Face ...
Table C4 - Class 300, 740 psi at Atmospheric Temperature Raised Face & Ring Joint ... 6 Table C5 -Class 400, 990 psi at Atmospheric Temperature Raised Face & Ring Joint .... 27 Table C6 -- Class 600, 1480 psi at Atmospheric Temperature Raised Face & Ring Joint.... 28
Table C7 -- Class 900, 2220 psi at Atmospheric Temperature Raised Face & Ring Joint .... 29
D Referenced Standards and Aplicable Dates.....
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1. SCOPE
1.1 General This Standard Practice covers pressure-temperature
Within the text, the U.S. Customary units are shown inparentheses,combinedtables,or in separate tables. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, it is required that each system of units be used independently of the other.Except for diameter of bolts and flangebolt holes, combining values from the two systems constitutes nonconformance with the Standard Practice. DENOTATION 2.1 Pressure-Temperature Ratings 2.1.1 General Flanges covered by this Standard Practice shall be designated as one of the following:Class150,300,400,600and900. Pressure temperature ratings in Table 3 are in metric and U.S. Customary. 2.2 Size NPS,followed by a dimensionless number, is the designation for nominal flange
ratings, materials,
dimensions, tolerances, marking, and testing. The welding neck type flanges shall be forged steel, and the blind flanges may be made of either forged steel or from steel plates. 1.1.1 Dimensional and tolerance requirements for sizes NPS 10 and smaller are provided by reference to ASME B16.5.When such flanges are made of materials meeting Table 1 requirements and meet all other stipulations of this standard, they shall be considered as complying therewith. 1.2 References 1.2.1 Referenced Standards Standards and specifications adopted by reference in this Standard Practice are shown in Annex D,for convenience of identifying edition number, date and source of supply. A flange made in conformance with a prior edition of referenced standards and in all other respects conformingto this Standard Practice will be considered to be in conformance even though the edition reference may be changed in a subsequent revision of this Standard Practice. 1.2.2 Codes and Regulations A flange used under the jurisdiction of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, the ANSI Code for Pressure Piping, or Governmental Regulations, is subject to any limitation of that code or regulation. This includes any maximum temperature limitationfor a material, or rule governing the use of a material at a low temperature. 1.3RelevantUnits This StandardPracticestates values in both metric and U.S. Customary units. As an exception, diameter of bolts and flange bolt holes are expressed in inch units only. These systems of units are to be regarded separately as standard.
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size. NPS is related to the reference nominal diameter, DN, used in international standards. The specific relationship for the NPS size flange to DN size flange in this Standard Practice is as follows: NPS 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 DN 300350 400 450 500 550 600 NPS 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 DN 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 NPS 40 42 44 46 48 50 DN 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 NPS 52 54 56 58 60 DN 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500
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3.1.4.1 The test specimens may be taken from the forgings or, at the manufacturers'option, from the billets or forging bar entering into the finished product, provided such test blank has undergone relatively the same forming and the equivalent heat treatment as the finished flange. The dimensions of the test blank must be such as to adequately reflect the heat treatment properties of the hub of the flange.Specimens shall be obtained from the midwall of the thinnest section ofthehuboftheflangeor19mm (3/4 in.) from the surface of the test blank. The orientation of specimens taken from a flange shall be longitudinal. 3.1.5 When specified in the purchase order, Notch Toughness properties shall be determined with full sizeCharpyTypeAV-notch specimensin accordance with ASTMA 370.Sub size specimens shall be used only when material to be tested is of insufficient thickness. All specimens shall be taken with the axis of the specimen longitudinal to the direction of major working and with the notch perpendicular to the surface.For plate, (blind flanges only), specimens may be taken transverse to the direction of rolling. From each sheet of steel, one set (three specimens) shall be tested at a maximumtemperatureof-7c(20°F)or atthe minimum temperatureforwhichtheflange pressure temperature rating is listed,typically -29c(-20°F)and show 27 J,joule,(20ft-Ib) minimum average. Percent shear shall be reported for informational purposes only. The test specimens shall have received the same working and shall be in the same heat treatment as the flanges they represent, when determining the
3.1 The steel used in the manufacture of these flanges shall be selected by the manufacturer to meet the following requirements. 3.1.1 All materials used for flanges shall be killed steel. Acceptable forging and plate (blind flanges) materials include the following:
Plates (0)
Forgings (a)
ASTMSpecification ASTMSpecification
A 105 A 350 A 694 A 707
A 515 Grade 70 A 516 Grade 70
A 537
Note (a): Selected material shall meet the specified grade requirements of Table 1 and other provisions of Section 3. 3.1.2 The steel used shall be suitable for field welding to other flanges, fittings,or pipe manufactured under ASTM specifications A105,A 53,A106,A350,A381,A694,A 707,or API Standard 5L. 3.1.3 The steel used shall have a maximum carbon content of 0.35 and a carbon equivalent computed by the following equation:
C.E.= C + Mn Cr + Mo +V Ni+Cu
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that should not exceed 0.48%, based on ladle analysis. If the carbon equivalent factor exceeds 0.48% the acceptance of the flanges shall be based on agreement between purchaser and manufacturer.
3.1.3.1 The choice and use of alloying typical notch toughness properties of a given
elements, combined with the elements within the limits prescribed in Section 3.1.3 to give the required tensile properties prescribed in Section 3.1.4 shall be made by the flange manufacturer and included and reported in the ladle analysis to identify the type of steel. 3.1.4 The steel used shall have tensile properties conforming to the requirements prescribed in Table and capable of meeting the requirements of Section 4 and the flange manufacturer's design conditions as given in Annex A.
material.
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Notfor Resale 2 Bolting Bolting listedin Table 2 shallbe 3.2.3LowStrength Bolting Bolting materials used in flanged joints covered by this Standard having not more than 207 MPa (30 ksi) specified Practice. Bolting of other material may be used if minimum yield strength are listed as low strength in permitted by the applicable code or governmental Table 2. These materials and others of comparable regulation. All bolting materials are subject to the strength shall be used only in Class 150 and Class 300 following limitations.
3.2
joints, and only with gaskets described in 3.3.2.
3.2.1High Strength Bolting Bolting materials having allowable stresses not less than those for ASTM A193 Gr B7 are listed as high strength in Table 2.These and other materials of comparable strength may be used in any flanged joint. 3.2.2Intermediate Strength Bolting Bolting materials listed as intermediate strength in Table 2, and other bolting of comparable strength, may be used in any flanged joint, provided the user verifies their ability to seat the selected gasket and maintain a sealed joint under expected operating conditions.
TABLE 1
TensileRequirements (Metric &U.S.Customary) YIELDPOINT
TENSILE STRENGTH
MIN.
MIN.
ELONGATIONIN50mm
GRADE F36 F42 F46 F48 F50 F52 F56 F60 F65 F70 (a) Note: except as required in Section 4.2.
MPa 248(a) 290 317 331 345 359 386 414 448 483
ksi 36(a) 42 46 48 50 52 56 60 65 70
ksi 60 60 60 62 64 66 68 75 77 80
MPa 414 414 414 427 441 455 469 517 531 552
or 2 in. MIN.PERCENT
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 18 18
*
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Not for Resal TABLE 2
ListofBoltingSpecifications ASTM BOLTING .MATERIALS
HIGH STRENGTH () INTERMEDIATESTRENGTH(6) SPEC-GR. NOTES SPEC-GR.
LOW STRENGTH (c)
NOTES
SPEC-GR. A193-B8 A193-B8C CL1 A193-B8M CL1 A193-B8T CL1 A193-B8A A193-B8CA A193-B8MA
NOTES (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (h) (g) (g) (g) (g)
A193-B7 A193-B16 A320-L7 A320-L7A A320-L7B A320-L7C A320-L43 A354-BC A354-BD A540-B21 A540-B22 A540-B23 A540-B24
A193-B5 A193-B6
CL1
(d) AI93-B6X (d) A193-B7M (d) AI93-B8 CL2
(f) (f) (f) (f) (f) (f) (f) (f) (f) (f) (f) (i) (e) (e)
A193-B8 CL2B
(d) A193-B8C CL2 (d) A193-B8M CL2
A193-B8M CL2B A193-B8T CL2 A320-B8 CL2 A320-B8C CL2 A320-B8F CL2 A320-B8M CL2 A320-B8T CL2 A449 A453-651 A453-660
A193-B8TA A307-B A320-B8 A320-B8C A320-B 8M CL1 A320-B8T CL1
CL1 CL1
General Note:
Bolting materials shall not be used beyond temperature limits specified in the governing Code. NOTES:
(a) These bolting materials may be used with all listed materials and gaskets. (b) These bolting materials may be used with all listed materials and gaskets; provided it has been verified
that a sealed joint can be maintained under rated pressure and temperature. (c) These bolting materials may be used with all listed materials but are limited to Class 150 and Class 300
joints.SeeSection3.3forrecommendedgasketpractices. (d) This ferritic material is intended for low temperature service, use A194 Gr. 4 or Gr.7 nuts. (e) This special alloy is intended for high temperature service with austenitic stainless steel. (f) This austenitic stainless steel has been carbide solution treated and strain hardened. Use A194 nuts of
corresponding material. (g) This austenitic stainless material has been carbide solution treated but not strain hardened. Use A194
nuts ofcorresponding material. (h) This carbon steel fastener shall not be used above 205°C (400°F) or below -29°C (-20°F), see also Note (c).
Bolts with drilled or undersized heads shall not be used. (i) Acceptable nuts for use with quenched and tempered bolts are A194 Gr.2 and Gr. 2H. Mechanical
property requirements for studs shall be the same as those for bolts.
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