ASME锅炉及压力容器规范
SNT - TC - 1A 2006
无损检测人员资格鉴定和认证
推荐实施细则
简介
编译者：张国城
上海市机械工程学会无损检测专业委员会
科普及技术咨询工作委员会 内容提要
本简介引用SNT-TC-1A2006版无损检测人员鉴定和认证推荐实施细则中的主要内容，删去了培训大纲等繁重的文字，使读者能很快了解美国NDT人员资格鉴定的主要思路，简介采用中英对照有利于读者更好地理解原文含义和学习科技英语。
本简介删除了以下内容： BasicExamination基础考试 GeneralLevelⅢRequirementsⅢ级通用要求 BasicsofCommonNDTMethods常用NDT方法的基础 BasicMaterials，Fabrication，andProductTechnology基本材料，制造和产品工艺 PDMBasicExarnination-PredictiveMaintenance（PDM）ExaminationSpecificationPDM基础考试-一预报性维修(PDM)考试规范 Appendix附录
Ⅱ例题-—I级和Ⅱ级声发射测试方法电磁检测方法涡流检测方法漏磁检测方法泄漏检测方法气泡测漏方法卤素二级管测漏方法质谱代测漏方法测量压力变更检漏方法液体渗透检测方法磁粉检测方法中子射线照相检测方法射线照相检测方法热/红外线检测方法超声波检测方法振动分析检测方法目视检测方法例题的答案
Example Questions -Level I and Level Acoustic Emission Testing Method Electromagnetic Testing Method Eddy Current Testing Method Flux Leakage Testing Method Leak Testing Method Bubble Leak Testing Method Halogen Diode Detector Leak Testing Method Mass Spectrometer Leak Testing Method PressureChangeMeasurementLeakTestingMethod Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Magnetic Particle Testing Method Neutron Radiographic Testing Method Radiographic Testing Method Thermal/Infrared Testing Method Ultrasonic Testing Method Vibration Analysis Testing Method Visual Testing Method AnswerstoExampleQuestions FOREWORD前言
This Recommended Practice establishes the general framework for a qualification and certification program. In addition, the document provides recommended educational, experience and training require- ments for the different test methods.Supplementary documents include question and answer lists,which may be used in composing examinations for nondestructive testing personnel.
本推荐实施细则为资格鉴定和认证大纲制订通用的基准体系。另外，本文件不同的检测方法推供了推荐的教育程度，经历和培训要求。补充文件包括问题和答案清单，这可用于组成无损检测人员的考试。
This recommended practice is not intended to be used as a strict specification.It is recognized,how. ever, that contracts require programs, which meet the intent of this document. For such contracts, pur- chaswer and supplier must agree upon acceptability of an employers program.
本推荐实施细则不打算用作严格的技术规范。然而，一般公认合同需要能满足本文件意图的大纲，对这种合同，需方和供方必须对雇主大纲的可接受性达到一致意见。
The verb "should”has been used throughout this document to emphasize the recommendation pres. ented herein. It is the employers responsibility to address specific needs and to modify these guidelines as appropriate in a written practice. In the employer's written practice, the verb “shall” is to be used in placeof"should”to emphasizetheemployersneeds.
本文件中出现的动词“Should”强调推荐。说明特殊需要和在书面实施细则中修改这些导则到适用的程度是雇主的责任。在雇主的书面实施细则中，动词“shall”用于替代“Should”，以强调雇主的需要。
The 2006Edition of SNT-TC-1A is annotated so that users of the 2001 edition can quickly and easily locate new and updated material.The vertical lines in the margins of this document indicate that information in the text has been modified in some way.
SNT-TC-1A2006版的注解是便于2001版的使用者能很快地和清楚地找到新内容和最新材料的位置。本文件及边的竖线表明文章以某种方式已经修改的内容。
Inquiries related to this recommended practice should be directed to the chair of the SNT- TC -lA 有关本推荐实施细则的询问应直接向SNT-TC-1A解释专门小组主席提出。地址如下：
The American SocietyforNondestructiveTesting 1711Arlingate Lane PO Box 28518 Columbus, Ohio 43228 -0518 CONTENTS 目 髪录
Foreword 前言 1. 0 Scope 适用范围 2.0 Definitions 定义 3.0 NondestructiveTestingMethods 无损检测方法 4.0 Levels of Oualification 鉴定等级 5.0Written Practice 书面实施细则 6. 0 Education, Training, and Experience Requirements for Initial Qualification 初始鉴定的教育，培训和经历要求 7. 0 Training Programs 培训大纲 8·0Examinations 考试 9.0 Certification 认证 10.0TechnicalPerformanceEvaluation 技术操作情况的评价 11.0Interrupted Service 中断服务 12.0Recertification 重新认证 13. 0 Termination 终止 14.0Reinstatement 复职 Table 6.3.1 A 推荐的初始培训和经历水平 Table 6.3.1 B 另一种初始培训和经历水平 Table 6.3.1.C Ⅱ级有限证书初始培训和经历水平参考文献 1.0Scope适用范围 1.1 It is recognized that the effectiveness of nondestructive testing (NDT)applications depends upon
the capabilities of the personnel who are responsible for and perform NDT. This Recommended Practice has been prepared to establish guidelines for the qualification and certification of NDT personnel whose specific jobs require appropriate knowledge of the technical principles underlying thenondestructiveteststheyperform,witness,monitor,or evaluate. 众所周知，无损检测的有效性取决于负责和执行无损检测人员的能力。编制本推荐实施细则是为无损检测人员的资格鉴定和认证制订导则，他们执行，见证，监督或评价无损检测，对他们从事的专门职业要求有适当的技术原理的知识。
1.2 This document provides guidelines for the establishment of a qualification and certification pro-
gram. 本文件为制订资格鉴定和认证大纲提供导则。
1.3 These guidelines have been developed by the American Society for.Nondestructive Testing, Inc.
to aid employers in recognizing the essential factors to be considered in qualifying personnel en- gaged in any of the NDT methods listed in Section 3. 这些导则由美国无损检测学会编写，为帮助雇主对列于3.0节中的从事任何无损检测方法的人员进行鉴定的重要因素取得共识。
1.4 It is recognized that these guidelines may not be appropriate for certain employers'circumstances
and/or applieations.In developing,a written practice as.required in Section5,the employel should review the detailed recommendations presented herein and modify them, as necessary, to meet particular needs. 众所周知，这些导则可能不适合某些雇主的情况和/或应用。在编制5.0节要求的书面实施细则时，雇主应仔细审核本推荐实施细则，如有需要可于以修改，以满足特殊的需要。
2.0Definitions 定义
2.1 Terms included in this document are defined as follows :
本文中的术语，定义如下： 2.1.1Certification:writtentestimony of qualification
认证：资格鉴定的书面证明。
2.1.2 Certifying Authority:the person or persons properly designated in the written practice to
sign certifications on behalf of the employer. 授权认证人：在书面实施细则中指定的合适人员，可代表雇主签发证书。
2.1.3 Certifying Agency:the employer of the personnel being certified.
认证代理机构：正在进行认证的人员的雇主。
2.1.4 Closed Book Examination: an examination administered without access to reference material
exceptformaterials supplied with or in the examination.(See 8.7.) 闭卷考试：除了在考试提供的材料以外，不准参照有关材料进行的考试（见8.7节）
2.1.5 Comparable:being at an equivalent or similar level of NDT responsibility and difficulty as
determined by the employers level II
.1 · 可比性：由雇主的Ⅲ级人员决定的NDT责任性和难度在一个相等的或相类似的水平上。
2.1.6 Documented:the condition of being in written form.
文件化：以书面形式存在的状态。
2.1.7 Employer:the corporate, private, or public entity, which employs personnel for wages,
salary,fees,or other considerations. 雇主：以计时工资，月工资，薪金或其它形式雇用人员的法人，私营，或公共的实体。
2.1.8 Experience: work activities accomplished in a specific NDT method under the direction of
qualified supervision including the performance of the NDT method and related activities but not including time spent in organized training programs. 经历：在有资格的监督指导下，从事一项专门的NDT方法的工作活动，包括执行NDT 方法和相关的活动，但不包括组织培训大纲所化费的时间。
2.1.9 Limited Certification: nondestructive test methods may be further subdivided into limited
disciplines or techniques to meet specific employer's needs; these are Level II certifica- tions,but to a limited scope. 有限证书一一无损检测方法可能进一步细分为有限学科或技术，Ⅱ级证书给于有效的适用范围以满足特殊雇主的需要。
2. 1. 10 Nondestructive Testing: a process that involves the inspection, testing, or evaluation of
materials, components and assemblies for materials' discontinuities, properties and ma- chine problems without further impairing or destroying the parts serviceability.-Through- out this document the term NDT applies equally to the NDT methods used for material in- spection, flaw detection or predictive maintenance (PdM) applications. 无损检测（NDT）：对材料，部件和组装件的不连续，性能和机械问题进行检查，测试或评价的一种过程，而不损坏或破坏该件的可用性。本文中的NDT同样适用于材料检查，探伤或预报性维修（PdM）应用的NDT方法。
2.1.11 Outside Agency: a company or individual who provides NDT Level II services and whose
qualifications to provide these services have been reviewed and approved by the employer engaging the company or individual. 外部代理机构：提供NDTⅢ级服务的公司或个人，它提供的鉴定服务，由从事公司或个人的雇主进行审核和批准。
2.1.12 Qualification:demonstrated skill and knowledge,documented training and documented ex
perience required for personnel to properly perform the duties of a specific job. 资格鉴定：对于从事一项专门工作的人员，按照对该人员的培训和经历的要求来证实他的技能和知识。
2.1.13 Recommended Practice: a set of guidelines to assist the employer in developing uniform
procedures for the qualification and certification of NDT personnel to satisfy the employer s specific requirements. 推荐实施细则：帮助雇主编制满足雇主专门要求和对NDT人员进行资格鉴定和认证的统一规程的一套导则。
2. 1.14 Training: an organized program developed to impart the knowledge and skills necessary for
.2 qualification. 培训：编写份有组织的大纲，以传授鉴定所需的知识和技能。
2.1.15 Written Practice: a written procedure developed by the employer that details the require
ments for qualification and certification of their enployees 书面实施细则：雇主编写的书面规程，该规程详细地叙述对鹿员的资格鉴定和认证的要求。
3.0NondestructiveTestingMethods无损检测方法
3.1 Oualification and certification of NDT personnel in accordance with this Recommended Practice is
applicable to each of the following methods: 按照推荐实施细则，NDT人员的资格鉴定和认证有下列各种方法：
Acoustic Emission Testing Electromagnetic Testing Laser Testing Methods Leak Testing Liquid Penetrant Testing Magnetic Flux Leakage Magnetic Particle Testing Neutron Radiographic Testing Radiographic : Testing Thermal/Infrared Testing Ultrasonic Testing Vibration Analysis Visual Testing
声发射检测电磁检测激光检测方法泄漏试验液体渗透检验漏磁检验磁粉检验中子射线照相检验射线照相检验热/红外线检测超声检验振动分析目视检验
4.0LevelsofOualification鉴定的等级
4.1 There are three basic levels of qualification. The employer may subdivide these levels for situa-
tions where additional levels are deemed necessary for specific skills and responsibilities. 有三个鉴定的基本等级。雇主可以把这些等级按照他认为对专门技能和责任性有必要，再分成附加的各种等级。
4.2 While in the process of being initially trained, qualified and certified, an individual should be
condidered a trainee. A trainee should work with a certified individual. The trainee shall not in- dependently conduct,interpret,evaluate,or reportthe results of any NDTtest. 当正在进行初始培训，签定和认证的过程中时，申请个应作为受训人。受训人应与持证人一起工作。受训人不应独立地进行任何NDT测试，解释，评定或报告结果。
4.3Thethreebasiclevelsofqualificationareasfollow：三种鉴定的基本等级如下：
4.3.1 NDT Level I. An NDT Level I individual should be qualified to properly perform specific
calibrations,specific NDT,and specific evaluations for acceptance or rejection determina- tions according to written instructions and to record results.The NDT Level I should receive the necessary instruction or supervision from a certified NDT Level II or II individual.
·3. NDT-I级。应对NDTI级人员按照书面作业指导书适当地进行专门校验，专门的 NDT，和作出验收或拒收决定的专门评定和记录结果进行鉴定。NDTI级人员应接受持证NDTⅡ级或Ⅲ级人员的必要的指导或监督。
4. 3.2 NDT Level II . An NDT Level I individual should be qualified to set up and calibrate e-
quipment and to interpret and evaluate results with respect to applicable codes, standards and specifications. The NDT Level II should be thoroughly familiar with the scope and limitations of the methods for which qualified and should exercise assigned responsibility for on-the-job training and guidance of trainees and NDT Level Ipersonnel.The NDTLevel I should be able to organize and report the results of NDT tests. NDTⅡ级。应对NDTⅡ级人员调整和校验设备和根据有关法规，标准和技术规范解释和评定结果进行鉴定。NDTⅡ级人员应熟悉其鉴定的方法的适用范围和局限性，并应履行指派给他的对受训人和NDTI级人员在工件上进行培训的职责。NDTⅡ级人员应能整理和报告NDT测试的结果。
4.3.3 NDT Level II. An NDT Level II individual should be capable of developing, qualifying,
and approving procedures, establishing and approving techniques, interpreting codes, standards,specifications and procedures; and designationg the particular.NDT methods, techniques and procedures to be used. The NDT Level II should be responsible for the NDT opertions for which qualified and assigned and should be capable of interpreting and evaluating results in terms of existing codes,standards and specifications.The NDT Level Hf shouldhave sufficientpractical background in applicable materials，fabrication and product technology to establish techniques and to assist in establishing acceptance criteria when none are otherwise available.The NDT Level II should have general familiarity with other appropriate NDT methods, as demonstrated by an ASNT Level II Basic examination or other means. The NDT Level II, in the methods in which certified, should be capable of training and examining NDTLevel I and I personnel for certification in those meth. ods. NDTⅢ级。NDTⅢ级人员应有能力编制，鉴定，和批准规程，制订和批准技术，解释法规,标准，技术规范和规程；并指定所采用的特殊的NDT方法，技术和规程。NDTⅢ级人员应对其所鉴定和分派的NDT操作负责，并有能力根据现行法规，标准和技术规范解释和评定结果，NDTⅢ级人员应有足够的有关材料，制造和产品工艺的实际知识，当没有验收标准时，以便采用正确的探伤方法和制订验收标准。-NDTⅢ级人员应熟悉在ASNTⅢ级基础考试中出现其它适合的NDT方法或其它检测手段。NDTⅢ级人员应能对NDTI级和IⅡ级人员，对其所持证的方法进行培训；考试和认证。
5.0WrittenPractice书面实施细则
5.1 The employer shall establish a written practice for the control and administration of NDT personnel
training, examination and certification. 雇主应制订一份对NDT人员培训，考试和认证进行控制和管理的书面实施细则，
5.2 The employers written practice should describe the responsibility of each level of certification for
determining the acceptability of materials or components inaccordance with the applicable codes,
·4· ASME锅炉及压力容器规范
SNT - TC - 1A 2006
无损检测人员资格鉴定和认证
推荐实施细则
简介
编译者：张国城
上海市机械工程学会无损检测专业委员会
科普及技术咨询工作委员会 内容提要
本简介引用SNT-TC-1A2006版无损检测人员鉴定和认证推荐实施细则中的主要内容，删去了培训大纲等繁重的文字，使读者能很快了解美国NDT人员资格鉴定的主要思路，简介采用中英对照有利于读者更好地理解原文含义和学习科技英语。
本简介删除了以下内容： BasicExamination基础考试 GeneralLevelⅢRequirementsⅢ级通用要求 BasicsofCommonNDTMethods常用NDT方法的基础 BasicMaterials，Fabrication，andProductTechnology基本材料，制造和产品工艺 PDMBasicExarnination-PredictiveMaintenance（PDM）ExaminationSpecificationPDM基础考试-一预报性维修(PDM)考试规范 Appendix附录
Ⅱ例题-—I级和Ⅱ级声发射测试方法电磁检测方法涡流检测方法漏磁检测方法泄漏检测方法气泡测漏方法卤素二级管测漏方法质谱代测漏方法测量压力变更检漏方法液体渗透检测方法磁粉检测方法中子射线照相检测方法射线照相检测方法热/红外线检测方法超声波检测方法振动分析检测方法目视检测方法例题的答案
Example Questions -Level I and Level Acoustic Emission Testing Method Electromagnetic Testing Method Eddy Current Testing Method Flux Leakage Testing Method Leak Testing Method Bubble Leak Testing Method Halogen Diode Detector Leak Testing Method Mass Spectrometer Leak Testing Method PressureChangeMeasurementLeakTestingMethod Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Magnetic Particle Testing Method Neutron Radiographic Testing Method Radiographic Testing Method Thermal/Infrared Testing Method Ultrasonic Testing Method Vibration Analysis Testing Method Visual Testing Method AnswerstoExampleQuestions FOREWORD前言
This Recommended Practice establishes the general framework for a qualification and certification program. In addition, the document provides recommended educational, experience and training require- ments for the different test methods.Supplementary documents include question and answer lists,which may be used in composing examinations for nondestructive testing personnel.
本推荐实施细则为资格鉴定和认证大纲制订通用的基准体系。另外，本文件不同的检测方法推供了推荐的教育程度，经历和培训要求。补充文件包括问题和答案清单，这可用于组成无损检测人员的考试。
This recommended practice is not intended to be used as a strict specification.It is recognized,how. ever, that contracts require programs, which meet the intent of this document. For such contracts, pur- chaswer and supplier must agree upon acceptability of an employers program.
本推荐实施细则不打算用作严格的技术规范。然而，一般公认合同需要能满足本文件意图的大纲，对这种合同，需方和供方必须对雇主大纲的可接受性达到一致意见。
The verb "should”has been used throughout this document to emphasize the recommendation pres. ented herein. It is the employers responsibility to address specific needs and to modify these guidelines as appropriate in a written practice. In the employer's written practice, the verb “shall” is to be used in placeof"should”to emphasizetheemployersneeds.
本文件中出现的动词“Should”强调推荐。说明特殊需要和在书面实施细则中修改这些导则到适用的程度是雇主的责任。在雇主的书面实施细则中，动词“shall”用于替代“Should”，以强调雇主的需要。
The 2006Edition of SNT-TC-1A is annotated so that users of the 2001 edition can quickly and easily locate new and updated material.The vertical lines in the margins of this document indicate that information in the text has been modified in some way.
SNT-TC-1A2006版的注解是便于2001版的使用者能很快地和清楚地找到新内容和最新材料的位置。本文件及边的竖线表明文章以某种方式已经修改的内容。
Inquiries related to this recommended practice should be directed to the chair of the SNT- TC -lA 有关本推荐实施细则的询问应直接向SNT-TC-1A解释专门小组主席提出。地址如下：
The American SocietyforNondestructiveTesting 1711Arlingate Lane PO Box 28518 Columbus, Ohio 43228 -0518 CONTENTS 目 髪录
Foreword 前言 1. 0 Scope 适用范围 2.0 Definitions 定义 3.0 NondestructiveTestingMethods 无损检测方法 4.0 Levels of Oualification 鉴定等级 5.0Written Practice 书面实施细则 6. 0 Education, Training, and Experience Requirements for Initial Qualification 初始鉴定的教育，培训和经历要求 7. 0 Training Programs 培训大纲 8·0Examinations 考试 9.0 Certification 认证 10.0TechnicalPerformanceEvaluation 技术操作情况的评价 11.0Interrupted Service 中断服务 12.0Recertification 重新认证 13. 0 Termination 终止 14.0Reinstatement 复职 Table 6.3.1 A 推荐的初始培训和经历水平 Table 6.3.1 B 另一种初始培训和经历水平 Table 6.3.1.C Ⅱ级有限证书初始培训和经历水平参考文献 1.0Scope适用范围 1.1 It is recognized that the effectiveness of nondestructive testing (NDT)applications depends upon
the capabilities of the personnel who are responsible for and perform NDT. This Recommended Practice has been prepared to establish guidelines for the qualification and certification of NDT personnel whose specific jobs require appropriate knowledge of the technical principles underlying thenondestructiveteststheyperform,witness,monitor,or evaluate. 众所周知，无损检测的有效性取决于负责和执行无损检测人员的能力。编制本推荐实施细则是为无损检测人员的资格鉴定和认证制订导则，他们执行，见证，监督或评价无损检测，对他们从事的专门职业要求有适当的技术原理的知识。
1.2 This document provides guidelines for the establishment of a qualification and certification pro-
gram. 本文件为制订资格鉴定和认证大纲提供导则。
1.3 These guidelines have been developed by the American Society for.Nondestructive Testing, Inc.
to aid employers in recognizing the essential factors to be considered in qualifying personnel en- gaged in any of the NDT methods listed in Section 3. 这些导则由美国无损检测学会编写，为帮助雇主对列于3.0节中的从事任何无损检测方法的人员进行鉴定的重要因素取得共识。
1.4 It is recognized that these guidelines may not be appropriate for certain employers'circumstances
and/or applieations.In developing,a written practice as.required in Section5,the employel should review the detailed recommendations presented herein and modify them, as necessary, to meet particular needs. 众所周知，这些导则可能不适合某些雇主的情况和/或应用。在编制5.0节要求的书面实施细则时，雇主应仔细审核本推荐实施细则，如有需要可于以修改，以满足特殊的需要。
2.0Definitions 定义
2.1 Terms included in this document are defined as follows :
本文中的术语，定义如下： 2.1.1Certification:writtentestimony of qualification
认证：资格鉴定的书面证明。
2.1.2 Certifying Authority:the person or persons properly designated in the written practice to
sign certifications on behalf of the employer. 授权认证人：在书面实施细则中指定的合适人员，可代表雇主签发证书。
2.1.3 Certifying Agency:the employer of the personnel being certified.
认证代理机构：正在进行认证的人员的雇主。
2.1.4 Closed Book Examination: an examination administered without access to reference material
exceptformaterials supplied with or in the examination.(See 8.7.) 闭卷考试：除了在考试提供的材料以外，不准参照有关材料进行的考试（见8.7节）
2.1.5 Comparable:being at an equivalent or similar level of NDT responsibility and difficulty as
determined by the employers level II
.1 · 可比性：由雇主的Ⅲ级人员决定的NDT责任性和难度在一个相等的或相类似的水平上。
2.1.6 Documented:the condition of being in written form.
文件化：以书面形式存在的状态。
2.1.7 Employer:the corporate, private, or public entity, which employs personnel for wages,
salary,fees,or other considerations. 雇主：以计时工资，月工资，薪金或其它形式雇用人员的法人，私营，或公共的实体。
2.1.8 Experience: work activities accomplished in a specific NDT method under the direction of
qualified supervision including the performance of the NDT method and related activities but not including time spent in organized training programs. 经历：在有资格的监督指导下，从事一项专门的NDT方法的工作活动，包括执行NDT 方法和相关的活动，但不包括组织培训大纲所化费的时间。
2.1.9 Limited Certification: nondestructive test methods may be further subdivided into limited
disciplines or techniques to meet specific employer's needs; these are Level II certifica- tions,but to a limited scope. 有限证书一一无损检测方法可能进一步细分为有限学科或技术，Ⅱ级证书给于有效的适用范围以满足特殊雇主的需要。
2. 1. 10 Nondestructive Testing: a process that involves the inspection, testing, or evaluation of
materials, components and assemblies for materials' discontinuities, properties and ma- chine problems without further impairing or destroying the parts serviceability.-Through- out this document the term NDT applies equally to the NDT methods used for material in- spection, flaw detection or predictive maintenance (PdM) applications. 无损检测（NDT）：对材料，部件和组装件的不连续，性能和机械问题进行检查，测试或评价的一种过程，而不损坏或破坏该件的可用性。本文中的NDT同样适用于材料检查，探伤或预报性维修（PdM）应用的NDT方法。
2.1.11 Outside Agency: a company or individual who provides NDT Level II services and whose
qualifications to provide these services have been reviewed and approved by the employer engaging the company or individual. 外部代理机构：提供NDTⅢ级服务的公司或个人，它提供的鉴定服务，由从事公司或个人的雇主进行审核和批准。
2.1.12 Qualification:demonstrated skill and knowledge,documented training and documented ex
perience required for personnel to properly perform the duties of a specific job. 资格鉴定：对于从事一项专门工作的人员，按照对该人员的培训和经历的要求来证实他的技能和知识。
2.1.13 Recommended Practice: a set of guidelines to assist the employer in developing uniform
procedures for the qualification and certification of NDT personnel to satisfy the employer s specific requirements. 推荐实施细则：帮助雇主编制满足雇主专门要求和对NDT人员进行资格鉴定和认证的统一规程的一套导则。
2. 1.14 Training: an organized program developed to impart the knowledge and skills necessary for
.2 qualification. 培训：编写份有组织的大纲，以传授鉴定所需的知识和技能。
2.1.15 Written Practice: a written procedure developed by the employer that details the require
ments for qualification and certification of their enployees 书面实施细则：雇主编写的书面规程，该规程详细地叙述对鹿员的资格鉴定和认证的要求。
3.0NondestructiveTestingMethods无损检测方法
3.1 Oualification and certification of NDT personnel in accordance with this Recommended Practice is
applicable to each of the following methods: 按照推荐实施细则，NDT人员的资格鉴定和认证有下列各种方法：
Acoustic Emission Testing Electromagnetic Testing Laser Testing Methods Leak Testing Liquid Penetrant Testing Magnetic Flux Leakage Magnetic Particle Testing Neutron Radiographic Testing Radiographic : Testing Thermal/Infrared Testing Ultrasonic Testing Vibration Analysis Visual Testing
声发射检测电磁检测激光检测方法泄漏试验液体渗透检验漏磁检验磁粉检验中子射线照相检验射线照相检验热/红外线检测超声检验振动分析目视检验
4.0LevelsofOualification鉴定的等级
4.1 There are three basic levels of qualification. The employer may subdivide these levels for situa-
tions where additional levels are deemed necessary for specific skills and responsibilities. 有三个鉴定的基本等级。雇主可以把这些等级按照他认为对专门技能和责任性有必要，再分成附加的各种等级。
4.2 While in the process of being initially trained, qualified and certified, an individual should be
condidered a trainee. A trainee should work with a certified individual. The trainee shall not in- dependently conduct,interpret,evaluate,or reportthe results of any NDTtest. 当正在进行初始培训，签定和认证的过程中时，申请个应作为受训人。受训人应与持证人一起工作。受训人不应独立地进行任何NDT测试，解释，评定或报告结果。
4.3Thethreebasiclevelsofqualificationareasfollow：三种鉴定的基本等级如下：
4.3.1 NDT Level I. An NDT Level I individual should be qualified to properly perform specific
calibrations,specific NDT,and specific evaluations for acceptance or rejection determina- tions according to written instructions and to record results.The NDT Level I should receive the necessary instruction or supervision from a certified NDT Level II or II individual.
·3. NDT-I级。应对NDTI级人员按照书面作业指导书适当地进行专门校验，专门的 NDT，和作出验收或拒收决定的专门评定和记录结果进行鉴定。NDTI级人员应接受持证NDTⅡ级或Ⅲ级人员的必要的指导或监督。
4. 3.2 NDT Level II . An NDT Level I individual should be qualified to set up and calibrate e-
quipment and to interpret and evaluate results with respect to applicable codes, standards and specifications. The NDT Level II should be thoroughly familiar with the scope and limitations of the methods for which qualified and should exercise assigned responsibility for on-the-job training and guidance of trainees and NDT Level Ipersonnel.The NDTLevel I should be able to organize and report the results of NDT tests. NDTⅡ级。应对NDTⅡ级人员调整和校验设备和根据有关法规，标准和技术规范解释和评定结果进行鉴定。NDTⅡ级人员应熟悉其鉴定的方法的适用范围和局限性，并应履行指派给他的对受训人和NDTI级人员在工件上进行培训的职责。NDTⅡ级人员应能整理和报告NDT测试的结果。
4.3.3 NDT Level II. An NDT Level II individual should be capable of developing, qualifying,
and approving procedures, establishing and approving techniques, interpreting codes, standards,specifications and procedures; and designationg the particular.NDT methods, techniques and procedures to be used. The NDT Level II should be responsible for the NDT opertions for which qualified and assigned and should be capable of interpreting and evaluating results in terms of existing codes,standards and specifications.The NDT Level Hf shouldhave sufficientpractical background in applicable materials，fabrication and product technology to establish techniques and to assist in establishing acceptance criteria when none are otherwise available.The NDT Level II should have general familiarity with other appropriate NDT methods, as demonstrated by an ASNT Level II Basic examination or other means. The NDT Level II, in the methods in which certified, should be capable of training and examining NDTLevel I and I personnel for certification in those meth. ods. NDTⅢ级。NDTⅢ级人员应有能力编制，鉴定，和批准规程，制订和批准技术，解释法规,标准，技术规范和规程；并指定所采用的特殊的NDT方法，技术和规程。NDTⅢ级人员应对其所鉴定和分派的NDT操作负责，并有能力根据现行法规，标准和技术规范解释和评定结果，NDTⅢ级人员应有足够的有关材料，制造和产品工艺的实际知识，当没有验收标准时，以便采用正确的探伤方法和制订验收标准。-NDTⅢ级人员应熟悉在ASNTⅢ级基础考试中出现其它适合的NDT方法或其它检测手段。NDTⅢ级人员应能对NDTI级和IⅡ级人员，对其所持证的方法进行培训；考试和认证。
5.0WrittenPractice书面实施细则
5.1 The employer shall establish a written practice for the control and administration of NDT personnel
training, examination and certification. 雇主应制订一份对NDT人员培训，考试和认证进行控制和管理的书面实施细则，
5.2 The employers written practice should describe the responsibility of each level of certification for
determining the acceptability of materials or components inaccordance with the applicable codes,
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