第26卷第5期 2012年10月
现代地质 GEOSCIENCE
Vol.26No. 5 Oct.2012
长江沉积物环境地球化学特征及生态风险评价
李娟，杨忠芳，夏学齐，侯青叶，傅野思
（中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院，北京100083）
摘要：为了进行长江流域沉积物生态风险评价，对长江流域干流以及主要支流的沉积物统一进行采样分析。首先对其元索的组成特征及重金属元素的富集特征进行分析。常量元素含量在流域空间上的变化主要受其携带矿物含量变化的影响；Cu、Pb、Cd、As、Hg5种微量元素高集程度较大，存在异常。同时采用潜在生态风险指数法对长江沉积物Cr、 Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As、Hg10种元素进行了评价研究。结果表明，潜在生态风险指数较大的地区分布在湖南湘江、安徽铜陵等地区，中等的地区分布在四川、重庆及江西等地区，这些潜在污染指数与矿产的开采冶炼以及工业的布局有一定的关系，很大程度上是由人为固索造成的。从元素的潜在污染程度看，长江流域Cd、As、Hg污染程度较重，Cu、Zn、Pb次之，面Cr、Mn、Co、Ni基本没有污染。本研究为探讨长江流域沉积地球化学过程和环境保护提供了科学依据。
关键调：地球化学特征；生态风险评价；沉积物；长江
中图分类号：P595；X142
文献标志码：A
文章编号：10008527(2012)05-0939-08
EnvironmentalGeochemicalCharacteristicsoftheSedimentsin
theYangtzeRiverandItsEcologicalRiskAssessment LI Juan, YANG Zhong-fang, XIA Xue-qi, HOU Qing-ye, FU Ye-si(School of Earth Sciences and Resourees, China Unitersity of Geosciences, Bejing100083, China)
Abstract: In order to study and discuss the ecological risk of the sediments in the Yangtze River, sediment samples were collected at 62 sites along the Yangtze River from the main stream and main tributaries. First the characteristics of element composition and heavy metal accumulation were analyzed and the results showed that the differences of macro-element content in space were caused by the content change of mineral elements carried by the river. We also found the enrichment degrees of the five elements ( Cu, Pb, Cd, As, Hg) were relatively high and abnormal. Ecological risk assessment for Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Hg was also given by means of potential ecological risk index. The evaluation results showed, according to the potential pollution level by heavy metals along the Yangtze River basin, that it is most serious in Xiang River region of Hunan Pro-vince and Tongling region of Anhui Province. The second most seriously contaminated zones consist of Sichuan, Chongqing and Jiangxi. Pollutions have certain relations with mining explorations and distribution of industry, largely caused by human factors. According to the pollution levels of different elements, Cd, As, and Hg turmed out to be the worst, followed by Cu, Zn, Pb, while Cr, Mn, Co and Ni were basically not contaminated in the Yangtze River basin. Our research on sediments in the Yangtze River provides a scientific basis and theoretical
reference for further studying about sediments’ geochemistry process and environmental protection. Key words: geochemical characteristics; ecological risk assessment; sediment; Yangtze River
收稿日期：2012-04-20；改回日期：2012-07-07；责任编辑：威开静。
基金项目：中国地质调查局全国土寰现状调查及污染防治专项"长江流域区域生态地球化学评价"（GZTR20060201，
GZTR20070201, 1210820109)。
作者简介：李娟，女，硕士研究生，1987年出生，地球化学专业，主要从事环境地球化学的研究工作。
Email: lijuan0204@ gmail. com。
通信作者：杨患芳，女，教授，博士生导师，1961年出生，地球化学专业，主要从事环境地球化学与生态地球化学研究工作。
Email ; zfyang@ up-point, come