
2011年9月,第17卷,第3期,351-367页 September2011,Vol.17,No.3,p.351-367
高校地质学报
Geological Journal of China Universities
岩浆作用与青藏高原演化
莫宣学
中国地质大学,北京,100083
摘要:青藏高原是我国岩浆岩最发育的地区之一,出露着从元古宇到新生代各个地质时期多种类型的火山岩与侵人岩,面积达30万km左右,占全区面积的10%以上。
,这些岩浆岩在青藏大陆动力学研究中有着重要的作用,既是探测深部的“探
针”和“窗口”,又是构造演化的记录,并形成重要的构造-岩浆-成矿带。本文拟通过岩浆作用和岩浆岩来研究青藏高原演化的一些科学问题。(1)印度-亚洲大陆碰撞时限:印度-亚洲大陆硅撞时限是青藏高原形成演化中一个非常重要的基础间题,也是国际上争论的一个热点,到目前为止,分歧仍然很大,从主张旱于70Ma到34Ma都有。本文根据来自我国西藏南部延伸1500km以上的主碰撞带的综合证据提出,印度-亚洲大陆避撞开始的时间为70/65Ma,完成的时间在40Ma左右,这个时期称为同碰撞期,40Ma之后转入后碰撞期。(2)同磁撞阶段的壳-慢交换一底侵与岩浆混合作用:南冈底斯带同硅撞花岗岩中有着丰富的岩浆底侵作用与岩浆混合作用证据。这两种作用,通过岩浆作用实现壳-慢间物质和能量的交换,是重要的大陆地壳生长方式。(3)青藏巨厚地壳的成因:双倍于正常厚度的巨厚地壳,是青藏高原最显著的特点之一,世界瞩
制与地慢物质注人增厚机制。(4)青藏岩石圈的组成、结构与演化:高原岩石圈地毂存在三种地球化学端元,存在三种岩石圈结构类型,已在青藏高原多处发现地慢与下地壳岩石的地表露头及火成岩所携带的深源岩石包体。(5)青藏高原深部物质的可能流动:青藏高原新生代碰撞-后碰撞火成活动有规律的时空迁移,以及深部地球物理探测,都暗示碰撞引起壳慢深部物质的横向流动
关键词:青藏高原;岩浆作用;岩浆岩;大陆磁撞;壳慢交换;地壳生长;岩石圈;横向流动
中图分类号:P588.1
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1006-7493(2011)03-0351-17
MagmatismandEvolutionoftheTibetanPlateau
Mo Xuan-xue
China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083,China
Abstract: The Tibetan Plateau is one of the regions in China where igneous rocks are very widely developed. Various types of volcanic and plutonic rocks are distributed over 300,000 km' in area and take 10% area of the entire Plateau. These igneous rocks and carried deep-seated nodules play important roles in understanding geodynamie evolution of the Tibetan Plateau, as either lithoprobes/windows or tectonic records, and are closely related to mineralization as well. This paper discusses some important scientific topics via studying igneous rocks, (1) The timing of IndoAsia collision: This is a very important scientific problem. There is, however, a wide range of discrepancy about the timing of initiation of the collision (from earlier than 70 Ma, to even later than 34 Ma). According to multiple lines of evidences from the 1500 km-extending main collision zone in southern Tibet, we deduced a conclusion that IndoAsia collision likely started from 65/70 Ma and completed in c, 40 Ma (syn-collisional stage), and then transformed into post-collisional stage after 40 Ma. (2) Underplating and magma mixing, an event of mantle-crust interaction during syn-collisional stage: There are abundant evidences for underplating and magma mixing in southern Gangdese, An
收稿日期:2010-1220;修回日期:2011-0828
作者简介:莫宣学,男,教授,中国科学院院士,岩石学,岩浆-构造-成矿方向;E-mail:moxx@eugb.edu.cn