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超级电容器蓄电池混合电源的建模与性能分析
李韶杰
(陕西科技大学理学院，陕西西安710021）
摘要：超级电容器与蓄电池的混合电源能充分发挥蓄电池比能量大和超级电容器能快速充/放电、循环寿命长的优点，可显著降低电源的内部损耗，提高电源的运行时间。本文建立了超级电容器蓄电池混合电源的数学模型，系统地分析了影响超级电容器与蓄电池混合电源内部损耗和运行时间的因素。分析结果表明：超级电容器与蓄电池混合电源的内部损耗和运行时间与脉动负载的占空比、脉动负载的周期、超级电容器的内阻、蓄电池的内阻、超级电容器的容量、超级电容器的并联支路数有密切的关系。
关键词：超级电客器；蓄电池；混合电源；内部损耗；运行时间
中图分类号：TM912.1
文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-0847(2010)02-67-04
Modelingandperformanceanalysisof super-capacitor
&battery combined power source
LI Shao-jie
(College of Science,Shanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710021, China)
Abstract: The combined system of super-capacitor with battery can effectively bring the excellence of high energy density of the battery as well as high power density and long cycle life of super-capacitor into play, which can also significantly reduce the internal power loss and increase the runtime of the power source The mathematical model of the super -capacitor & battery combined system has been set up. The factors which affect the internal power loss and the runtime of the supercapacitor & battey combined system have been systematically analyzed in this thesis. The results show that there exist some close relations between intermal power loss and runtime of the supercapacitor & battery combined system and pulse duty cycle of the load, cycle of the pulse load, internal resistance of the supercapacitor, internal resistance of the battery, parameter of the supercapacitor, number of the parallel circuitries which are linked to the supercapacitor. Key words: supercapacitor; battery; combined power source; intemal loss; runtime
1引言
随着电动汽车、数字移动设备、便携式电子仪器等电子装置的高速发展，对电源的性能提出了越收稿日期：2009-11-26
基金项目：陕西科技大学自然科学基金项目(ZX08-24）万方数据
来越高的要求，这些电子装置都具有脉动性负载的特点，峰值功率很高但平均功率较低。由于蓄电池技术成熟、性能可靠，目前应用得最为广泛。但是，荐电池具有功率密度小、无法快速充/放电、循环寿命短等缺点。如果果用蓄电池作为脉动性负载的电源，需要蓄电池具有很大的容量，才能满足负载的峰值功率需求，造成蓄电池的容量浪费以及蓄电池的体积过于庞大。
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