植物营养与肥料学报2016,22(1)：1-7 Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer
doi:10.11674/zwyf.14470 http://www.plantnutrifert.org
传统化肥增效改性提升产品性能与功能
赵秉强
（中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，农业部植物营养与肥料重点开放实验室，北京100081）
摘要：【目的】当前，我国各类增效改性肥料年产量达到1300万吨（商品量），每年推广面积4亿多亩，年增产粮食 110亿公斤，为农业增产、农民增收和环境保护做出了重要贡献。推动传统化肥增效改性，是一项系统工程，需要国家从技术研究、政策、推广等领域给予支持。综合分析、评述我国传统化肥增效改性的意义、取得的研究成果与未来发展，为推动我国化肥提质增效，提升化肥产品性能与功能提供思路和策略。【方法】本文收集了我国有关传统化肥增效改性研究的主要文献，对目前改性增效肥料在我国的生产、使用现状和研究取得的成果和观点进行系统分析、归纳和综合评述，展望未来发展趋势，提出发展对策。【结果】传统氮肥因活性高、损失途径多，磷肥施入土壤易被固定，加之我国单位面积化肥用量较高等，化肥利用率较低，对环境造成负面影响较大，化肥增效改性是提高肥料利用率的重要途径。目前对传统化肥进行增效改性的主要技术途径包括缓释法增效改性、稳定法增效改性、增效剂法增效改性以及有机物料与化学肥料复合（混）优化化肥养分高效利用，相应发展的增效改性产品包括缓释肥料、稳定肥料、增值肥料和有机无机复合（混）肥料。【结论】传统化肥增效改性是提升化肥产品性能与
功能、提高肥料利用率的重要途径，需要加强研究和政策支持。关键词：传统化肥；增效改性；增效肥料
中图分类号：TQ440.2
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008505X(2016)01000107
Modification of conventional fertilizers for enhanced property and function
ZHAO Bing-qiang
( Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of
Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 10008I, China)
Abstract: [Objectives] The comprehensive summary and commendation on the significance, achievements and development trends in modification on conventional fertilizers for enhanced property and function in China are meaningful for making the strategies for the development of chemical fertilizer industry in the future. [ Methods] Literatures relating to the progress in effect-enhancement and property modification of conventional fertilizers were collected and summarized. The development trends in the future were forecasted and some strategies were proposed.[Results] Due to its high activity of N and fixing of P in soil, the conventional N and P fertilizers have low nutrient use efficiency with consequence of serious environmental pollution in China. Therefore, it is of great significance to practice effect-enhanced modification for conventional fertilizers to upgrade their properties and functions. Currently aaa inhibitors, effect-enhancing additives and organic/inorganic combination. The products produced by employing the above four technological measures are named respectively slow-release fertilizer, stabilized fertilizer, value-added fertilizer and organic/inorganic compound fertilizer. At present, the annual production of the above four kinds of fertilizers has reached 13 million tons (commercial amount) and their annual application area reached around 27 million hectares, and the grain yield increase has reached 11 million tons. The achievement contributed greatly to promoting crop yield improvement, farmer's income increase and environment protection. It is a systematic work to
收稿日期：2014-10-11
接受日期：2015-06-04
基金项目：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目复合（混）肥农艺配方与生态工艺技术研究（2011BAD11B05）；环渤海中低产田增值尿素研制与
施用技术研究（2013BAD05B04）资助，
作者简介：赵乘强（1963—），男，山东临邑人，博士，研究员，主要从事肥料及施肥技术研究。Tel：010-82108658，E-mail：zhaobingqiang@caas.cn