植物营养与肥料学报2011,17(3)：623-629 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science
中国农户复合（混）肥施用效果分析
李亮科12，张卫峰1·，王雁峰"，陈新平，马骥，高利伟"，张福锁”（1中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京100193；2中国农业大学经济管理学院，农户经济研究中心，北京100083）
摘要：近10年来中国肥料快速走向复合化，复合（混）肥是拉动肥料产业发展的主要力量。本研究基于农业部测土配方施肥农户调研数据，对全国6个省的1143户农户水稻、小麦和玉米三大粮食作物的复合（混）肥施用现状及效果进行分析。结果表明，复合（混）肥中提供的氮、磷、钾养分已经占肥料投人总量的32.1%、57.0%和58.2%，其中氮复合化水平超过西欧水平。施用复合（混）肥导致三大粮食作物养分投入数量平均增加12.2%，肥料成本平均增加26.7%，但在不同作物上的增产效果差异较大，其中玉米上施用各种类型复合（混)肥均能显著增产，增产幅度平均达29.9%，有部分复合（混）肥配方在小麦上增产，大部分复合（混)肥在水稻上不增产。复合（混）肥配
方制定不科学、施用不科学及假目伪劣过多是主要原因。关键调：复合（混）肥：实际效果：农民实践；中国
中图分类号：S143.58
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008-505X(2011)03-0623-07
EffectivenessofcompoundfertilizerongrainyieldsinChina
LI Liang-ke'-2, ZHANG Wei-feng'' , WANG Yan-feng’, CHEN Xin-ping" , MA Ji’, GAO Li-wei', ZHANG Fu-suo
(I College of Resources and Enrironmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Bejing I00193, China;
2 Center for Rural Household's Economy, College of Economic and Managemen, China Agricultural Unitersity, Beijing 100083,China) Abstract: China's compound fertilizer industry has developed very fast in the past decade, and has been the major catalyst for development of the chemical fertilizer industry. In this study 1143 farmers in 6 provinces were surveyed in 2009, and the contribution of compound fertilizer to crop yields and crop production costs were evaluated. Com-pound fertilizer dominated the nutrient input in grain fields, with 32. 1% of nitrogen (N), 57. 0% of phosphorus(P,O,) and 58. 2% of potassium (K,O) which is higher than that in Westem Europe (especially of N). Com-pared to the farmers who only used single fertilizer, amount of nutrient inputs and fertilizer cost were increased by 12. 2% and 26. 7% respectively in farmers who used compound fertilizer. But the crop yield did not increased ac-cordingly when use compound fertilizer. Maize yield was significantly increased by 29. 9% when use various type of compound fertilizer. Wheat yield was significantly increased when use some type of compound fertilizer, but not happened in all case. Nearly all of the compound fertilizer did not increase rice yield. The results showed that the application of compound fertilizer is not soundly based in China. There are three main reasons for this: fomulas of compound fertilizer are not designed based on the results of soil tests and field experiments; farmers do not receive effective instructions on how to use the fertilizer correctly and efficiently; and too many fake products exist in the Chinese compound fertilizer market.
Key words: NPK compound fertilizer; effectiveness; farmerspractice; China
市场上占据越来越重要的位置，也得到国家的大力
近年来，随着中国肥料行业的迅速发展，复合
（混）肥因主要营养元素多，施用方便等优点在肥料
收稿日期：2010-01-20
接受日期：2011-01-24
支持。目前，我国三元复合（混）肥企业多达5587
基金项目：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划课题（2008BADA4B04-4）；公益性行业科研专项（200803030）；国家重点基础研究发展计划资助
（2009CB118608）；国家"十一五"科技支撑计划课题（2006BAD10B03）资助。
作者简介：李亮科（1985一），男，朗南省临武县人，硕士研究生，主要从事中国复合肥产业发展方面的研究。
Tel; 010 62734211,E-mail; liliangke339@163, com。
万方数据
*通现作者Tel；010-62733941，E-mail;wfzhang@cou.ede.cn