植物营养与肥料学报2010，16(2)：321-326 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science
长期施肥对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及
矿质态氮含量动态变化的影响
·梁斌"，周建斌1,2*，杨学云1
（1西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西杨凌712100；2黄土高原土壤侵蚀与早地农业国家重点实验室，陕西杨凌712100）
摘要：利用位于陕西杨凌的17年长期定位试验研究了长期不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(F)、化肥配施有机肥（F+M)和化肥加秸秆还田（F+S)处理对小麦-玉*轮作体系中作物不同生长时期土壤微生物生物量碳、氮（SMBC、SMBN)和矿质态氮含量的影响。结果表明，0—10cm土层土壤SMBC、SMBN和矿质态氮含量的变化范国分别为264.8～ 752.2、37.5~114.8和3.8～38.5mg/kg，不同处理相比，F+M处理中各采样时期（小麦苗期、拨节期、涨浆期及玉米播种期、大喇叭口期、灌浆期和收获后)土壤SMBC和SMBN含量均为最高，分别为不施肥对照的1.38～2.65和 1.892.50倍：F+S处理矿质态氮含量最高，SMBC和SMBN也高于F和CK处理，大部分采样时期的差异达显著水平（P<0.05)；与CK相比，长期单施化肥也使各时期SMBC和SMBN含量提高。在小麦拨节期到灌浆期的旺盛生长阶段各施肥处理土壤SMBN含量均下降，而矿质态鼠含量变化不大，处于较低水平；在玉米大喇叭口期到灌浆期的旺盛生长阶段，F+M、F+S和F处理土壤矿质态鼠含量显著下降，而SMBN含量均有所升高。表明在土壤矿质态氮含量较高时，作物首先利用矿质态氮，而在土壤矿质态氮含量处于较低水平时，微生物固持的氮索可能会释放出来供作物吸收利用。
关键调：小麦-玉米轮作；长期施肥；土囊微生物生物量碳、氮；矿质态氮
中图分类号：S158.5
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008505X(2010)02032106
Changes of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,and mineral
nitrogenafteralong-termdifferentfertilization
LIANG Bin', ZHOU Jian-bin'-2*, YANG Xue-yun'
(I College of Resource & Erwironment Science, Northwest A & F Unitersity, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China)
Abstract : A 17 year field experiment, located at Yangling, Shaanxi, was conducted to study effects of different fertilizer managements on changes of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (SMBC, SMBN) and mineral nitrogen in soils under the winter wheat and summer maize rotation system. There were 4 fertilizer managements, no fertilization (CK), mineral N, P, and K fertilizers (F), mineral N, P, and K fertilizers and manure (F + M), and mineral N, P, and K fertilizers and straw (F + S). The results show that contents of SMBC, SMBN and soil mineral nitrogen are 264.8 752.2, 37.5 114.8 and 3.8 - 38.5 mg/kg in the 010 cm soil layer, respectively. Contents of SMBC and SMBN in the F + M treatment are the highest among the different fertilizer treatments, and contents of SMBC and SMBN in the F + M treat-ment are 1.38 2.65 and 1.89 ~ 2.50 times of those in the no fertilizer treatment, respectively. Contents of soil mineral nitrogen of the F + S treatment are the highest among the different fertilizer treatments, and contents of SMBC, SMBN of the F + S treatment are higher than those of the F and CK treatments at all sampling times. Compared with the CK treat-ment, long-term application of mineral N, P, and K fertilizers increase SMBC and SMBN contents of O10 cm soil layer
收稿日期：20090220
接受日期：2009-0630
基金项目：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD89B02)；国家自结科学基金项目（40571087）；黄土高原土填侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实
验室基金（10501-160)资助。
作者简介：梁斌（1983一），男，山东昌乐人，博七研究生，主要从事土填微生物量的研究。E-mail：liangbin@mwsaf.edu.cn
通讯作者Tel：02987082793，E-mail: jbchou@mwsuaf.edu.cn
万方数据