植物营养与肥料学报2013，19(4)：824-831 Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer
doi: 10. 11674/zwyf. 2013. 0407
氮肥追施比例对冬小麦产量和蛋白质组分
及生理指标的影响
冯金凤"2，赵广才1*，张保军2·，常旭虹'，王德梅"，
杨玉双"，范仲卿3，元振"
（1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所，农业部作物生理生态重点实验室，北京100081， 2西北农林科技大学农学院，陕西杨凌712100，3山东农业大学，山东泰安271018）
摘要：在大田试验条件下，以A1(中麦8）、A2（中麦175）和A3（轮选518)3个小麦品种为试验材料，设3个氮肥基追比处理（B1，底肥：拔节肥：开花肥=5:5:0；B2，底肥：拔节肥：开花肥=5：4:1；B3，底肥：拔节肥：开花肥： 5：3：2），采用2因素随机区组设计，研究了不同氮肥基追比对冬小麦子粒产量和蛋白质组分及生理特性的影响。结果表明，在底肥和追肥总量相同的条件下，适当提高开花期追施氮肥的比例有利于抑制小麦生育后期旗叶叶绿素的降解，提高叶片含氢量，延长叶片功能期：B3处理子粒产量及容重、千粒重和蛋白质产量均高于其它两施肥处理,其中B3处理的千粒重显著高于B2处理。品种间各产量因素间差异显著。不同氮肥基追比例对球蛋白含量有显著影响，面对其他蛋白组分含量影响不显著。
关键调：氮肥追施比；冬小麦；产量；蛋白组分；生理指标
中图分类号：S412.1*1；147.21*2
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008505X(2013)04082408
Effect of topdressing nitrogen ratio on yield,protein components
andphysiologicalcharacteristicsofwinterwheat
FENG Jin-feng"-2, ZHAO Guang-cai', ZHANG Bao-jun’, CHANG Xu-hong', WANG De-mei',
YANG Yu-shuang’ , FAN Zhong-qing’, QI Zhen
(I Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture, Bejing 100081, China; 2 Northtcest A&F University. Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
3Shandong Agricultural Unitersity,Tai'an,Shandong 271018,Chine）
Abstract: A 2-factors randomized block design fertilizer experiment was carried out to study the impacts of basal and topdressing nitrogen ratios on winter wheat yield, protein components and physiological index. There were three winter wheat cultivars, Zhongmai 8(A1), Zhongmai 175(A2) and Launxuan 518(A3), and three N ratios for basal, jointing and flowering: B1 (5 :5 :0), B2 (5 : 4 : 1) and B3 (5 : 3 :2). The results show that under the same amount of N fertilizer, appropriate increase of the N topdressing proportion at the flowering stage is useful to prevent the chlorophyll in wheat flag leaf from degradation at the late growth stage, increase leaf nitrogen content and extend the functional period of leaves. Higher grain yield, bulk density, 1000-grain weight and protein yield were obtained with B3 treatments than with B1 and B2 treatments, and the difference in 1000-grain weight between the B3 and B2 was significant. Significant differences were also existed in the production factors among cultivars. Different proportion of nitrogen dressing affects the globulin contents significantly，while the contents of other protein components are not significant.
Key words: ratio of basal N to topdressing N; winter wheat; grain yield; protein components; physiological index
收稿日期：2012-10-11
接受日期：201304-01
基金项目：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-3-1-26)项目资助。
作者简介：冯金风（1987—），女，陕西省林市人，硕土研究生，主要从事小麦优质高产裁培研究。E-mail：Fengjin_jinfeng@163.com
+通信作者 E-mail;zhaogc@mail. caas.net. cn。E-mail; zhbjun2566@163. com
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