植物营养与肥料学报2013，19(5)：1129-1138 Joumal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer
doi: 10. 11674/zwyf. 2013. 0512
湖南典型双季稻田氨挥发对施氮量的响应研究
朱坚1-3，石丽红23，田发祥1.2.3，霍莲杰13，纪雄辉2.3（1湖南省土壤肥料研究所，湖南长沙410125；2中南大学隆平分院，湖南长沙410125：
3农业部长江中游平原农业环境重点实验室，湖南长沙410125）
摘要：选择潮南典型双季稍田为对象，采用密闭室连续抽气法研究了不同施氮量下的氨氮挥发损失。结果表明，稻田发损失氮量占施氮量的39.8%，晚稻则达46.9%，双季稻平均氨挥发损失率达43.7%。氨挥发通量与田面水的
NH-N浓度和pH之间均存在极显著的正相关关系。可见，氨挥发是该区域稻田氮素损失的最主要途径之一。关键调：双季稽田；施氮量；氨挥发
中图分类号：S153.6*1
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008-505X(2013)05-1129-10
Responses of ammonia volatilization to nitrogen application amount
in typical double croppingpaddy fields in Hunan Province
ZHU Jian'-2, SHI Li-hong23, TIAN Fa-xiang'-23, HUO Lian-je'-, JI Xiong-hui?.3.
(1 Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China; 2 Longping Branch of Graduate School of CSU,
Changsha 410125, China; 3 Key Lab of Agri-Enrironment in the Middle Reach Plain of Yangtae River,
Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China)
Abstract: Dynamic changes of ammonia volatilization in treatments with different nitrogen (N) application rates were studied by using a closed continuous airflow method in typical double cropping paddy fields in Hunan Province. The results show that the total amount of ammonia volatilization is increased significantly with the increase of N application rate, and the N lost in ammonia volatilization of early rice fields accounts for 39. 8% of the N application amount and the lost is 46. 9% in late rice fields. The average lost percentage of ammonia volatilization in double cropping paddy fields is 43. 7%. The ammonia volatilization fluxes are significantly and positively correlated with the NH, -N concentration and pH value in surface water of paddy fileds, These results indicate that ammonia volatilization is a main approach of N lose in paddy fields of Hunan Province.
Key words: double cropping paddy field; nitrogen application amount; ammonia volatilization
氮肥对于水稻增产的效果非常显著，大量投人氮肥已成为水稻获得高产的主要途径。农业生产中施用的氮肥除部分被作物吸收和土壤吸附外，多余的氮素通过各种途径进人生态环境，利用率仅为 30%～35%[11。氨挥发是农业土壤氮素损失的主要途径之一，特别是南方稽田在施用化学氮肥的情况下，氨挥发损失严重[2-3]。稻田施用碳铵、尿素索等易溶性氮肥后田面水中氨及铵态氮含量快速增高，
是氨挥发的内在原因(4]。有研究表明，农田氨挥发损失的氮量占化肥氮量的1%～47%【1]。影响氨挥发损失的因素主要有气候条件（温度、湿度、光照及风速等）、土壤性质、化肥品种和施用量及种植模式等[3]。有研究结果表明，随着施氮量、温度、土壤湿度、pH的增高，稽田氨挥发量也增加。高温高湿的夏季是氮素损失最主要的时期6-8。施氮量越高，氮素利用率越低，土壤残留氮的比例也越低[9]。在
收稿日期：2012-11-12
接受日期：2013-3-20
基金项目：国家科技支撑计划（2013BAD15B04）：公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201003014-02-06）资助。
作者简介：朱坚（1986—一），男，潮南省湘乡市人，硕士研究生，研究方向为植物营养。E-mail；zhujian313@sina.con
* 通信作者 Tel: 073184693977, E-mail; jixionghui@ sohu. com
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