第5卷第7期 2014年7月
食品安全质量检测学报 Journal of Food Safety and Quality
农业面源污染的现状、问题及对策探析
付丽霞，李云乐
(长治市农业能源环保监测站，长治
046000）
Vol. 5 No. 7 Jul.，2014
摘要：农业面源污染已成为制约长治市农业和农村经济可持续发展的重要因素，也是当前农村生态环境恶化的重要原因之一。本文就长治市农业面源污染现状、成因进行了分析探讨，并在此基础上从政策、法规和技术等方面提出了控制和治理农业面源污染的对策。从化肥和农药的使用污染、集约化养殖污染、农田精秆的无序利用及农村生活污水污染等方面闸述了农业面源污染的成因，联系实际分析了农业面源污染控制中出现的问题，详细闸述了如何改善农业面源污染现状，保护农业生态环境，保障农产品质量安全，实现农业和农村经济的可持续发展。
关键词：农业面源污染；生态环境；对策
Countermeasures of current situation and control of agricultural non-point
sourcepollution FU Li-Xia', LI Yun-Le
(Changzhi Agricultural and Energy Environmental Monitoring Srarion, Changzhi 046000, China)
ABSTRACT: The agricultural non-point source pollution, which has been making the environment worse, con-strains the sustainable development of agriculture and rural economy of Changzhi. Based on the current situa-tion, the causes of the agricultural non-point source pollution and the solution including technology, policies, and regulations on how to prevent and cure the pollution were discussed in this paper. The main causes of pol-lution included the use of fertilizers and pesticides, intensive farming, and disorderly utilization of farmland straw and rural sewage. The paper explained how to improve the situation of agricultural non-point source pol-lution, how to protect the agricultural ecological environment, how to ensure the quality and safety of agricul-
tural products and how to achieve sustainable development of agriculture and the rural economy. KEY WORDS: agricultural non-point source pollution; ecological environment; countermeasures
1引言
随着科技、生产和消费水平的不断提高，长治市农业农村经济得到了快速发展，农业士地资源的开发已接近超强度利用，化肥农药的施用成为提高土地产出水平的重要途径，而同时农业面源污染成了当今的一个不可忽视的问
题，直接关系到农业及农村社会经济的可搏续发展。根据长治市第一次农业污染源普查年鉴调查数据显示，全市农业面源污染源主要包括畜牧养殖业的畜离粪便的随意堆排放和未经无害化处理，直接用于农业生产。大量化肥、农药的不合理施用，农用地膜使用后未回收而残留耕地士堰，人们的生活污水、大量生活垃圾的随意排放乱倒，以及
*通讯作者：付丽露，高级农艺师，主要研究方向为农业环境保护、基本农田保护区环境质量监测、农业面源污染调查、农产品产地土境重金属污染防治普查、农村可再生能源建设等。E-mail:flx0120@163.com
*Corresponding author: FU Li-Xia, Senior Agronomist, Changzhi Rural Energy Environment Agency, No.96 Road Yan'an Nan Lu, Changzhi 046000, China. E-mail: flx0120@ 163.com